From a91f2109292f4f4522f75d0636fdba30bda26e76 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jason Evans Date: Fri, 2 Apr 2010 13:50:53 -0700 Subject: [PATCH] Import pprof from google-perftools, svn r91. Fix divide-by-zero error in pprof. It is possible for sample contexts to currently have no associated objects, but the cumulative statistics are still useful, depending on how the user invokes pprof. Since jemalloc intentionally does not filter such contexts, take care not to divide by 0 when re-scaling for v2 heap sampling. Install pprof as part of 'make install'. Update pprof documentation. --- .gitignore | 1 - jemalloc/Makefile.in | 11 +- jemalloc/bin/pprof | 4346 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ jemalloc/doc/jemalloc.3.in | 4 +- 4 files changed, 4358 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) create mode 100755 jemalloc/bin/pprof diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 13b2f962..07772acc 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -1,5 +1,4 @@ /jemalloc/autom4te.cache/ -/jemalloc/bin/ /jemalloc/cfghdrs.stamp /jemalloc/cfgoutputs.stamp /jemalloc/config.log diff --git a/jemalloc/Makefile.in b/jemalloc/Makefile.in index b52f9a85..79a65095 100644 --- a/jemalloc/Makefile.in +++ b/jemalloc/Makefile.in @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ CC := @CC@ # Configuration parameters. DESTDIR = +BINDIR := $(DESTDIR)@BINDIR@ INCLUDEDIR := $(DESTDIR)@INCLUDEDIR@ LIBDIR := $(DESTDIR)@LIBDIR@ MANDIR := $(DESTDIR)@MANDIR@ @@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ endif REV := 0 # Lists of files. +BINS := @srcroot@bin/pprof CHDRS := @objroot@include/jemalloc/jemalloc@install_suffix@.h \ @objroot@include/jemalloc/jemalloc_defs@install_suffix@.h CSRCS := @srcroot@src/jemalloc.c @srcroot@src/arena.c @srcroot@src/base.c \ @@ -67,6 +69,13 @@ $(DSOS): $(CSRCS:@srcroot@%.c=@objroot@%.o) ln -sf libjemalloc@install_suffix@.so.$(REV) lib/libjemalloc@install_suffix@.so ar crus @objroot@lib/libjemalloc@install_suffix@_pic.a $+ +install_bin: + install -d $(BINDIR) + @for b in $(BINS); do \ + echo "install -m 755 $$b $(BINDIR)"; \ + install -m 755 $$b $(BINDIR); \ +done + install_include: install -d $(INCLUDEDIR)/jemalloc @for h in $(CHDRS); do \ @@ -87,7 +96,7 @@ install_man: install -m 644 $$m $(MANDIR)/man3; \ done -install: install_include install_lib install_man +install: install_bin install_include install_lib install_man check: diff --git a/jemalloc/bin/pprof b/jemalloc/bin/pprof new file mode 100755 index 00000000..4f0f81d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/jemalloc/bin/pprof @@ -0,0 +1,4346 @@ +#! /usr/bin/env perl + +# Copyright (c) 1998-2007, Google Inc. +# All rights reserved. +# +# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are +# met: +# +# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above +# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer +# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the +# distribution. +# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its +# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from +# this software without specific prior written permission. +# +# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS +# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT +# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR +# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT +# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, +# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT +# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, +# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY +# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT +# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE +# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. + +# --- +# Program for printing the profile generated by common/profiler.cc, +# or by the heap profiler (common/debugallocation.cc) +# +# The profile contains a sequence of entries of the form: +# +# This program parses the profile, and generates user-readable +# output. +# +# Examples: +# +# % tools/pprof "program" "profile" +# Enters "interactive" mode +# +# % tools/pprof --text "program" "profile" +# Generates one line per procedure +# +# % tools/pprof --gv "program" "profile" +# Generates annotated call-graph and displays via "gv" +# +# % tools/pprof --gv --focus=Mutex "program" "profile" +# Restrict to code paths that involve an entry that matches "Mutex" +# +# % tools/pprof --gv --focus=Mutex --ignore=string "program" "profile" +# Restrict to code paths that involve an entry that matches "Mutex" +# and does not match "string" +# +# % tools/pprof --list=IBF_CheckDocid "program" "profile" +# Generates disassembly listing of all routines with at least one +# sample that match the --list= pattern. The listing is +# annotated with the flat and cumulative sample counts at each line. +# +# % tools/pprof --disasm=IBF_CheckDocid "program" "profile" +# Generates disassembly listing of all routines with at least one +# sample that match the --disasm= pattern. The listing is +# annotated with the flat and cumulative sample counts at each PC value. +# +# TODO: Use color to indicate files? + +use strict; +use warnings; +use Getopt::Long; + +my $PPROF_VERSION = "1.5"; + +# These are the object tools we use which can come from a +# user-specified location using --tools, from the PPROF_TOOLS +# environment variable, or from the environment. +my %obj_tool_map = ( + "objdump" => "objdump", + "nm" => "nm", + "addr2line" => "addr2line", + "c++filt" => "c++filt", + ## ConfigureObjTools may add architecture-specific entries: + #"nm_pdb" => "nm-pdb", # for reading windows (PDB-format) executables + #"addr2line_pdb" => "addr2line-pdb", # ditto + #"otool" => "otool", # equivalent of objdump on OS X +); +my $DOT = "dot"; # leave non-absolute, since it may be in /usr/local +my $GV = "gv"; +my $KCACHEGRIND = "kcachegrind"; +my $PS2PDF = "ps2pdf"; +# These are used for dynamic profiles +my $WGET = "wget"; +my $WGET_FLAGS = "--no-http-keep-alive"; # only supported by some wgets +my $CURL = "curl"; + +# These are the web pages that servers need to support for dynamic profiles +my $HEAP_PAGE = "/pprof/heap"; +my $PROFILE_PAGE = "/pprof/profile"; # must support cgi-param "?seconds=#" +my $PMUPROFILE_PAGE = "/pprof/pmuprofile(?:\\?.*)?"; # must support cgi-param + # ?seconds=#&event=x&period=n +my $GROWTH_PAGE = "/pprof/growth"; +my $CONTENTION_PAGE = "/pprof/contention"; +my $WALL_PAGE = "/pprof/wall(?:\\?.*)?"; # accepts options like namefilter +my $FILTEREDPROFILE_PAGE = "/pprof/filteredprofile(?:\\?.*)?"; +my $SYMBOL_PAGE = "/pprof/symbol"; # must support symbol lookup via POST +my $PROGRAM_NAME_PAGE = "/pprof/cmdline"; + +# default binary name +my $UNKNOWN_BINARY = "(unknown)"; + +# There is a pervasive dependency on the length (in hex characters, +# i.e., nibbles) of an address, distinguishing between 32-bit and +# 64-bit profiles. To err on the safe size, default to 64-bit here: +my $address_length = 16; + +# A list of paths to search for shared object files +my @prefix_list = (); + +# Special routine name that should not have any symbols. +# Used as separator to parse "addr2line -i" output. +my $sep_symbol = '_fini'; +my $sep_address = undef; + +##### Argument parsing ##### + +sub usage_string { + return < + is a space separated list of profile names. +pprof [options] + is a list of profile files where each file contains + the necessary symbol mappings as well as profile data (likely generated + with --raw). +pprof [options] + is a remote form. Symbols are obtained from host:port$SYMBOL_PAGE + + Each name can be: + /path/to/profile - a path to a profile file + host:port[/] - a location of a service to get profile from + + The / can be $HEAP_PAGE, $PROFILE_PAGE, /pprof/pmuprofile, + $GROWTH_PAGE, $CONTENTION_PAGE, /pprof/wall, + or /pprof/filteredprofile. + For instance: "pprof http://myserver.com:80$HEAP_PAGE". + If / is omitted, the service defaults to $PROFILE_PAGE (cpu profiling). +pprof --symbols + Maps addresses to symbol names. In this mode, stdin should be a + list of library mappings, in the same format as is found in the heap- + and cpu-profile files (this loosely matches that of /proc/self/maps + on linux), followed by a list of hex addresses to map, one per line. + + For more help with querying remote servers, including how to add the + necessary server-side support code, see this filename (or one like it): + + /usr/doc/google-perftools-$PPROF_VERSION/pprof_remote_servers.html + +Options: + --cum Sort by cumulative data + --base= Subtract from before display + --interactive Run in interactive mode (interactive "help" gives help) [default] + --seconds= Length of time for dynamic profiles [default=30 secs] + --add_lib= Read additional symbols and line info from the given library + --lib_prefix= Comma separated list of library path prefixes + +Reporting Granularity: + --addresses Report at address level + --lines Report at source line level + --functions Report at function level [default] + --files Report at source file level + +Output type: + --text Generate text report + --callgrind Generate callgrind format to stdout + --gv Generate Postscript and display + --list= Generate source listing of matching routines + --disasm= Generate disassembly of matching routines + --symbols Print demangled symbol names found at given addresses + --dot Generate DOT file to stdout + --ps Generate Postcript to stdout + --pdf Generate PDF to stdout + --gif Generate GIF to stdout + --raw Generate symbolized pprof data (useful with remote fetch) + +Heap-Profile Options: + --inuse_space Display in-use (mega)bytes [default] + --inuse_objects Display in-use objects + --alloc_space Display allocated (mega)bytes + --alloc_objects Display allocated objects + --show_bytes Display space in bytes + --drop_negative Ignore negative differences + +Contention-profile options: + --total_delay Display total delay at each region [default] + --contentions Display number of delays at each region + --mean_delay Display mean delay at each region + +Call-graph Options: + --nodecount= Show at most so many nodes [default=80] + --nodefraction= Hide nodes below *total [default=.005] + --edgefraction= Hide edges below *total [default=.001] + --focus= Focus on nodes matching + --ignore= Ignore nodes matching + --scale= Set GV scaling [default=0] + --heapcheck Make nodes with non-0 object counts + (i.e. direct leak generators) more visible + +Miscellaneous: + --tools= Prefix for object tool pathnames + --test Run unit tests + --help This message + --version Version information + +Environment Variables: + PPROF_TMPDIR Profiles directory. Defaults to \$HOME/pprof + PPROF_TOOLS Prefix for object tools pathnames + +Examples: + +pprof /bin/ls ls.prof + Enters "interactive" mode +pprof --text /bin/ls ls.prof + Outputs one line per procedure +pprof --gv /bin/ls ls.prof + Displays annotated call-graph via 'gv' +pprof --gv --focus=Mutex /bin/ls ls.prof + Restricts to code paths including a .*Mutex.* entry +pprof --gv --focus=Mutex --ignore=string /bin/ls ls.prof + Code paths including Mutex but not string +pprof --list=getdir /bin/ls ls.prof + (Per-line) annotated source listing for getdir() +pprof --disasm=getdir /bin/ls ls.prof + (Per-PC) annotated disassembly for getdir() +pprof --text localhost:1234 + Outputs one line per procedure for localhost:1234 +pprof --raw localhost:1234 > ./local.raw +pprof --text ./local.raw + Fetches a remote profile for later analysis and then + analyzes it in text mode. +EOF +} + +sub version_string { + return < \$main::opt_help, + "version!" => \$main::opt_version, + "cum!" => \$main::opt_cum, + "base=s" => \$main::opt_base, + "seconds=i" => \$main::opt_seconds, + "add_lib=s" => \$main::opt_lib, + "lib_prefix=s" => \$main::opt_lib_prefix, + "functions!" => \$main::opt_functions, + "lines!" => \$main::opt_lines, + "addresses!" => \$main::opt_addresses, + "files!" => \$main::opt_files, + "text!" => \$main::opt_text, + "callgrind!" => \$main::opt_callgrind, + "list=s" => \$main::opt_list, + "disasm=s" => \$main::opt_disasm, + "symbols!" => \$main::opt_symbols, + "gv!" => \$main::opt_gv, + "dot!" => \$main::opt_dot, + "ps!" => \$main::opt_ps, + "pdf!" => \$main::opt_pdf, + "gif!" => \$main::opt_gif, + "raw!" => \$main::opt_raw, + "interactive!" => \$main::opt_interactive, + "nodecount=i" => \$main::opt_nodecount, + "nodefraction=f" => \$main::opt_nodefraction, + "edgefraction=f" => \$main::opt_edgefraction, + "focus=s" => \$main::opt_focus, + "ignore=s" => \$main::opt_ignore, + "scale=i" => \$main::opt_scale, + "heapcheck" => \$main::opt_heapcheck, + "inuse_space!" => \$main::opt_inuse_space, + "inuse_objects!" => \$main::opt_inuse_objects, + "alloc_space!" => \$main::opt_alloc_space, + "alloc_objects!" => \$main::opt_alloc_objects, + "show_bytes!" => \$main::opt_show_bytes, + "drop_negative!" => \$main::opt_drop_negative, + "total_delay!" => \$main::opt_total_delay, + "contentions!" => \$main::opt_contentions, + "mean_delay!" => \$main::opt_mean_delay, + "tools=s" => \$main::opt_tools, + "test!" => \$main::opt_test, + "debug!" => \$main::opt_debug, + # Undocumented flags used only by unittests: + "test_stride=i" => \$main::opt_test_stride, + ) || usage("Invalid option(s)"); + + # Deal with the standard --help and --version + if ($main::opt_help) { + print usage_string(); + exit(0); + } + + if ($main::opt_version) { + print version_string(); + exit(0); + } + + # Disassembly/listing/symbols mode requires address-level info + if ($main::opt_disasm || $main::opt_list || $main::opt_symbols) { + $main::opt_functions = 0; + $main::opt_lines = 0; + $main::opt_addresses = 1; + $main::opt_files = 0; + } + + # Check heap-profiling flags + if ($main::opt_inuse_space + + $main::opt_inuse_objects + + $main::opt_alloc_space + + $main::opt_alloc_objects > 1) { + usage("Specify at most on of --inuse/--alloc options"); + } + + # Check output granularities + my $grains = + $main::opt_functions + + $main::opt_lines + + $main::opt_addresses + + $main::opt_files + + 0; + if ($grains > 1) { + usage("Only specify one output granularity option"); + } + if ($grains == 0) { + $main::opt_functions = 1; + } + + # Check output modes + my $modes = + $main::opt_text + + $main::opt_callgrind + + ($main::opt_list eq '' ? 0 : 1) + + ($main::opt_disasm eq '' ? 0 : 1) + + ($main::opt_symbols == 0 ? 0 : 1) + + $main::opt_gv + + $main::opt_dot + + $main::opt_ps + + $main::opt_pdf + + $main::opt_gif + + $main::opt_raw + + $main::opt_interactive + + 0; + if ($modes > 1) { + usage("Only specify one output mode"); + } + if ($modes == 0) { + if (-t STDOUT) { # If STDOUT is a tty, activate interactive mode + $main::opt_interactive = 1; + } else { + $main::opt_text = 1; + } + } + + if ($main::opt_test) { + RunUnitTests(); + # Should not return + exit(1); + } + + # Binary name and profile arguments list + $main::prog = ""; + @main::pfile_args = (); + + # Remote profiling without a binary (using $SYMBOL_PAGE instead) + if (IsProfileURL($ARGV[0])) { + $main::use_symbol_page = 1; + } elsif (IsSymbolizedProfileFile($ARGV[0])) { + $main::use_symbolized_profile = 1; + $main::prog = $UNKNOWN_BINARY; # will be set later from the profile file + } + + if ($main::use_symbol_page || $main::use_symbolized_profile) { + # We don't need a binary! + my %disabled = ('--lines' => $main::opt_lines, + '--disasm' => $main::opt_disasm); + for my $option (keys %disabled) { + usage("$option cannot be used without a binary") if $disabled{$option}; + } + # Set $main::prog later... + scalar(@ARGV) || usage("Did not specify profile file"); + } elsif ($main::opt_symbols) { + # --symbols needs a binary-name (to run nm on, etc) but not profiles + $main::prog = shift(@ARGV) || usage("Did not specify program"); + } else { + $main::prog = shift(@ARGV) || usage("Did not specify program"); + scalar(@ARGV) || usage("Did not specify profile file"); + } + + # Parse profile file/location arguments + foreach my $farg (@ARGV) { + if ($farg =~ m/(.*)\@([0-9]+)(|\/.*)$/ ) { + my $machine = $1; + my $num_machines = $2; + my $path = $3; + for (my $i = 0; $i < $num_machines; $i++) { + unshift(@main::pfile_args, "$i.$machine$path"); + } + } else { + unshift(@main::pfile_args, $farg); + } + } + + if ($main::use_symbol_page) { + unless (IsProfileURL($main::pfile_args[0])) { + error("The first profile should be a remote form to use $SYMBOL_PAGE\n"); + } + CheckSymbolPage(); + $main::prog = FetchProgramName(); + } elsif (!$main::use_symbolized_profile) { # may not need objtools! + ConfigureObjTools($main::prog) + } + + # Check what flags our commandline utilities support + if (open(TFILE, "$WGET $WGET_FLAGS -V 2>&1 |")) { + my @lines = ; + if (grep(/unrecognized/, @lines) > 0) { + # grep found 'unrecognized' token from WGET, clear WGET flags + $WGET_FLAGS = ""; + } + close(TFILE); + } + # TODO(csilvers): check all the other binaries and objtools to see + # if they are installed and what flags they support, and store that + # in a data structure here, rather than scattering these tests about. + # Then, ideally, rewrite code to use wget OR curl OR GET or ... + + # Break the opt_list_prefix into the prefix_list array + @prefix_list = split (',', $main::opt_lib_prefix); + + # Remove trailing / from the prefixes, in the list to prevent + # searching things like /my/path//lib/mylib.so + foreach (@prefix_list) { + s|/+$||; + } +} + +sub Main() { + Init(); + $main::collected_profile = undef; + @main::profile_files = (); + $main::op_time = time(); + + # Printing symbols is special and requires a lot less info that most. + if ($main::opt_symbols) { + PrintSymbols(*STDIN); # Get /proc/maps and symbols output from stdin + return; + } + + # Fetch all profile data + FetchDynamicProfiles(); + + # this will hold symbols that we read from the profile files + my $symbol_map = {}; + + # Read one profile, pick the last item on the list + my $data = ReadProfile($main::prog, pop(@main::profile_files)); + my $profile = $data->{profile}; + my $pcs = $data->{pcs}; + my $libs = $data->{libs}; # Info about main program and shared libraries + $symbol_map = MergeSymbols($symbol_map, $data->{symbols}); + + # Add additional profiles, if available. + if (scalar(@main::profile_files) > 0) { + foreach my $pname (@main::profile_files) { + my $data2 = ReadProfile($main::prog, $pname); + $profile = AddProfile($profile, $data2->{profile}); + $pcs = AddPcs($pcs, $data2->{pcs}); + $symbol_map = MergeSymbols($symbol_map, $data2->{symbols}); + } + } + + # Subtract base from profile, if specified + if ($main::opt_base ne '') { + my $base = ReadProfile($main::prog, $main::opt_base); + $profile = SubtractProfile($profile, $base->{profile}); + $pcs = AddPcs($pcs, $base->{pcs}); + $symbol_map = MergeSymbols($symbol_map, $base->{symbols}); + } + + # Get total data in profile + my $total = TotalProfile($profile); + + # Collect symbols + my $symbols; + if ($main::use_symbolized_profile) { + $symbols = FetchSymbols($pcs, $symbol_map); + } elsif ($main::use_symbol_page) { + $symbols = FetchSymbols($pcs); + } else { + $symbols = ExtractSymbols($libs, $pcs); + } + + # Remove uniniteresting stack items + $profile = RemoveUninterestingFrames($symbols, $profile); + + # Focus? + if ($main::opt_focus ne '') { + $profile = FocusProfile($symbols, $profile, $main::opt_focus); + } + + # Ignore? + if ($main::opt_ignore ne '') { + $profile = IgnoreProfile($symbols, $profile, $main::opt_ignore); + } + + my $calls = ExtractCalls($symbols, $profile); + + # Reduce profiles to required output granularity, and also clean + # each stack trace so a given entry exists at most once. + my $reduced = ReduceProfile($symbols, $profile); + + # Get derived profiles + my $flat = FlatProfile($reduced); + my $cumulative = CumulativeProfile($reduced); + + # Print + if (!$main::opt_interactive) { + if ($main::opt_disasm) { + PrintDisassembly($libs, $flat, $cumulative, $main::opt_disasm, $total); + } elsif ($main::opt_list) { + PrintListing($libs, $flat, $cumulative, $main::opt_list); + } elsif ($main::opt_text) { + # Make sure the output is empty when have nothing to report + # (only matters when --heapcheck is given but we must be + # compatible with old branches that did not pass --heapcheck always): + if ($total != 0) { + printf("Total: %s %s\n", Unparse($total), Units()); + } + PrintText($symbols, $flat, $cumulative, $total, -1); + } elsif ($main::opt_raw) { + PrintSymbolizedProfile($symbols, $profile, $main::prog); + } elsif ($main::opt_callgrind) { + PrintCallgrind($calls); + } else { + if (PrintDot($main::prog, $symbols, $profile, $flat, $cumulative, $total)) { + if ($main::opt_gv) { + RunGV(PsTempName($main::next_tmpfile), ""); + } + } else { + exit(1); + } + } + } else { + InteractiveMode($profile, $symbols, $libs, $total); + } + + cleanup(); + exit(0); +} + +##### Entry Point ##### + +Main(); + +# Temporary code to detect if we're running on a Goobuntu system. +# These systems don't have the right stuff installed for the special +# Readline libraries to work, so as a temporary workaround, we default +# to using the normal stdio code, rather than the fancier readline-based +# code +sub ReadlineMightFail { + if (-e '/lib/libtermcap.so.2') { + return 0; # libtermcap exists, so readline should be okay + } else { + return 1; + } +} + +sub RunGV { + my $fname = shift; + my $bg = shift; # "" or " &" if we should run in background + if (!system("$GV --version >/dev/null 2>&1")) { + # Options using double dash are supported by this gv version. + # Also, turn on noantialias to better handle bug in gv for + # postscript files with large dimensions. + # TODO: Maybe we should not pass the --noantialias flag + # if the gv version is known to work properly without the flag. + system("$GV --scale=$main::opt_scale --noantialias " . $fname . $bg); + } else { + # Old gv version - only supports options that use single dash. + print STDERR "$GV -scale $main::opt_scale\n"; + system("$GV -scale $main::opt_scale " . $fname . $bg); + } +} + +sub RunKcachegrind { + my $fname = shift; + my $bg = shift; # "" or " &" if we should run in background + print STDERR "Starting '$KCACHEGRIND " . $fname . $bg . "'\n"; + system("$KCACHEGRIND " . $fname . $bg); +} + + +##### Interactive helper routines ##### + +sub InteractiveMode { + $| = 1; # Make output unbuffered for interactive mode + my ($orig_profile, $symbols, $libs, $total) = @_; + + print STDERR "Welcome to pprof! For help, type 'help'.\n"; + + # Use ReadLine if it's installed and input comes from a console. + if ( -t STDIN && + !ReadlineMightFail() && + defined(eval {require Term::ReadLine}) ) { + my $term = new Term::ReadLine 'pprof'; + while ( defined ($_ = $term->readline('(pprof) '))) { + $term->addhistory($_) if /\S/; + if (!InteractiveCommand($orig_profile, $symbols, $libs, $total, $_)) { + last; # exit when we get an interactive command to quit + } + } + } else { # don't have readline + while (1) { + print STDERR "(pprof) "; + $_ = ; + last if ! defined $_ ; + s/\r//g; # turn windows-looking lines into unix-looking lines + + # Save some flags that might be reset by InteractiveCommand() + my $save_opt_lines = $main::opt_lines; + + if (!InteractiveCommand($orig_profile, $symbols, $libs, $total, $_)) { + last; # exit when we get an interactive command to quit + } + + # Restore flags + $main::opt_lines = $save_opt_lines; + } + } +} + +# Takes two args: orig profile, and command to run. +# Returns 1 if we should keep going, or 0 if we were asked to quit +sub InteractiveCommand { + my($orig_profile, $symbols, $libs, $total, $command) = @_; + $_ = $command; # just to make future m//'s easier + if (!defined($_)) { + print STDERR "\n"; + return 0; + } + if (m/^ *quit/) { + return 0; + } + if (m/^ *help/) { + InteractiveHelpMessage(); + return 1; + } + # Clear all the mode options -- mode is controlled by "$command" + $main::opt_text = 0; + $main::opt_callgrind = 0; + $main::opt_disasm = 0; + $main::opt_list = 0; + $main::opt_gv = 0; + $main::opt_cum = 0; + + if (m/^ *(text|top)(\d*) *(.*)/) { + $main::opt_text = 1; + + my $line_limit = ($2 ne "") ? int($2) : 10; + + my $routine; + my $ignore; + ($routine, $ignore) = ParseInteractiveArgs($3); + + my $profile = ProcessProfile($orig_profile, $symbols, "", $ignore); + my $reduced = ReduceProfile($symbols, $profile); + + # Get derived profiles + my $flat = FlatProfile($reduced); + my $cumulative = CumulativeProfile($reduced); + + PrintText($symbols, $flat, $cumulative, $total, $line_limit); + return 1; + } + if (m/^ *callgrind *([^ \n]*)/) { + $main::opt_callgrind = 1; + + # Get derived profiles + my $calls = ExtractCalls($symbols, $orig_profile); + my $filename = $1; + if ( $1 eq '' ) { + $filename = CallgrindTempName($main::next_tmpfile); + } + PrintCallgrind($calls, $filename); + if ( $1 eq '' ) { + RunKcachegrind($filename, " & "); + $main::next_tmpfile++; + } + + return 1; + } + if (m/^ *list *(.+)/) { + $main::opt_list = 1; + + my $routine; + my $ignore; + ($routine, $ignore) = ParseInteractiveArgs($1); + + my $profile = ProcessProfile($orig_profile, $symbols, "", $ignore); + my $reduced = ReduceProfile($symbols, $profile); + + # Get derived profiles + my $flat = FlatProfile($reduced); + my $cumulative = CumulativeProfile($reduced); + + PrintListing($libs, $flat, $cumulative, $routine); + return 1; + } + if (m/^ *disasm *(.+)/) { + $main::opt_disasm = 1; + + my $routine; + my $ignore; + ($routine, $ignore) = ParseInteractiveArgs($1); + + # Process current profile to account for various settings + my $profile = ProcessProfile($orig_profile, $symbols, "", $ignore); + my $reduced = ReduceProfile($symbols, $profile); + + # Get derived profiles + my $flat = FlatProfile($reduced); + my $cumulative = CumulativeProfile($reduced); + + PrintDisassembly($libs, $flat, $cumulative, $routine, $total); + return 1; + } + if (m/^ *gv *(.*)/) { + $main::opt_gv = 1; + + my $focus; + my $ignore; + ($focus, $ignore) = ParseInteractiveArgs($1); + + # Process current profile to account for various settings + my $profile = ProcessProfile($orig_profile, $symbols, $focus, $ignore); + my $reduced = ReduceProfile($symbols, $profile); + + # Get derived profiles + my $flat = FlatProfile($reduced); + my $cumulative = CumulativeProfile($reduced); + + if (PrintDot($main::prog, $symbols, $profile, $flat, $cumulative, $total)) { + RunGV(PsTempName($main::next_tmpfile), " &"); + $main::next_tmpfile++; + } + return 1; + } + return 1; +} + + +sub ProcessProfile { + my $orig_profile = shift; + my $symbols = shift; + my $focus = shift; + my $ignore = shift; + + # Process current profile to account for various settings + my $profile = $orig_profile; + my $total_count = TotalProfile($profile); + printf("Total: %s %s\n", Unparse($total_count), Units()); + if ($focus ne '') { + $profile = FocusProfile($symbols, $profile, $focus); + my $focus_count = TotalProfile($profile); + printf("After focusing on '%s': %s %s of %s (%0.1f%%)\n", + $focus, + Unparse($focus_count), Units(), + Unparse($total_count), ($focus_count*100.0) / $total_count); + } + if ($ignore ne '') { + $profile = IgnoreProfile($symbols, $profile, $ignore); + my $ignore_count = TotalProfile($profile); + printf("After ignoring '%s': %s %s of %s (%0.1f%%)\n", + $ignore, + Unparse($ignore_count), Units(), + Unparse($total_count), + ($ignore_count*100.0) / $total_count); + } + + return $profile; +} + +sub InteractiveHelpMessage { + print STDERR <{$k}; + my @addrs = split(/\n/, $k); + if ($#addrs >= 0) { + my $depth = $#addrs + 1; + # int(foo / 2**32) is the only reliable way to get rid of bottom + # 32 bits on both 32- and 64-bit systems. + print pack('L*', $count & 0xFFFFFFFF, int($count / 2**32)); + print pack('L*', $depth & 0xFFFFFFFF, int($depth / 2**32)); + + foreach my $full_addr (@addrs) { + my $addr = $full_addr; + $addr =~ s/0x0*//; # strip off leading 0x, zeroes + if (length($addr) > 16) { + print STDERR "Invalid address in profile: $full_addr\n"; + next; + } + my $low_addr = substr($addr, -8); # get last 8 hex chars + my $high_addr = substr($addr, -16, 8); # get up to 8 more hex chars + print pack('L*', hex('0x' . $low_addr), hex('0x' . $high_addr)); + } + } + } +} + +# Print symbols and profile data +sub PrintSymbolizedProfile { + my $symbols = shift; + my $profile = shift; + my $prog = shift; + + $SYMBOL_PAGE =~ m,[^/]+$,; # matches everything after the last slash + my $symbol_marker = $&; + + print '--- ', $symbol_marker, "\n"; + if (defined($prog)) { + print 'binary=', $prog, "\n"; + } + while (my ($pc, $name) = each(%{$symbols})) { + my $sep = ' '; + print '0x', $pc; + # We have a list of function names, which include the inlined + # calls. They are separated (and terminated) by --, which is + # illegal in function names. + for (my $j = 2; $j <= $#{$name}; $j += 3) { + print $sep, $name->[$j]; + $sep = '--'; + } + print "\n"; + } + print '---', "\n"; + + $PROFILE_PAGE =~ m,[^/]+$,; # matches everything after the last slash + my $profile_marker = $&; + print '--- ', $profile_marker, "\n"; + if (defined($main::collected_profile)) { + # if used with remote fetch, simply dump the collected profile to output. + open(SRC, "<$main::collected_profile"); + while () { + print $_; + } + close(SRC); + } else { + # dump a cpu-format profile to standard out + PrintProfileData($profile); + } +} + +# Print text output +sub PrintText { + my $symbols = shift; + my $flat = shift; + my $cumulative = shift; + my $total = shift; + my $line_limit = shift; + + # Which profile to sort by? + my $s = $main::opt_cum ? $cumulative : $flat; + + my $running_sum = 0; + my $lines = 0; + foreach my $k (sort { GetEntry($s, $b) <=> GetEntry($s, $a) || $a cmp $b } + keys(%{$cumulative})) { + my $f = GetEntry($flat, $k); + my $c = GetEntry($cumulative, $k); + $running_sum += $f; + + my $sym = $k; + if (exists($symbols->{$k})) { + $sym = $symbols->{$k}->[0] . " " . $symbols->{$k}->[1]; + if ($main::opt_addresses) { + $sym = $k . " " . $sym; + } + } + + if ($f != 0 || $c != 0) { + printf("%8s %6s %6s %8s %6s %s\n", + Unparse($f), + Percent($f, $total), + Percent($running_sum, $total), + Unparse($c), + Percent($c, $total), + $sym); + } + $lines++; + last if ($line_limit >= 0 && $lines > $line_limit); + } +} + +# Print the call graph in a way that's suiteable for callgrind. +sub PrintCallgrind { + my $calls = shift; + my $filename; + if ($main::opt_interactive) { + $filename = shift; + print STDERR "Writing callgrind file to '$filename'.\n" + } else { + $filename = "&STDOUT"; + } + open(CG, ">".$filename ); + printf CG ("events: Hits\n\n"); + foreach my $call ( map { $_->[0] } + sort { $a->[1] cmp $b ->[1] || + $a->[2] <=> $b->[2] } + map { /([^:]+):(\d+):([^ ]+)( -> ([^:]+):(\d+):(.+))?/; + [$_, $1, $2] } + keys %$calls ) { + my $count = int($calls->{$call}); + $call =~ /([^:]+):(\d+):([^ ]+)( -> ([^:]+):(\d+):(.+))?/; + my ( $caller_file, $caller_line, $caller_function, + $callee_file, $callee_line, $callee_function ) = + ( $1, $2, $3, $5, $6, $7 ); + + + printf CG ("fl=$caller_file\nfn=$caller_function\n"); + if (defined $6) { + printf CG ("cfl=$callee_file\n"); + printf CG ("cfn=$callee_function\n"); + printf CG ("calls=$count $callee_line\n"); + } + printf CG ("$caller_line $count\n\n"); + } +} + +# Print disassembly for all all routines that match $main::opt_disasm +sub PrintDisassembly { + my $libs = shift; + my $flat = shift; + my $cumulative = shift; + my $disasm_opts = shift; + my $total = shift; + + foreach my $lib (@{$libs}) { + my $symbol_table = GetProcedureBoundaries($lib->[0], $disasm_opts); + my $offset = AddressSub($lib->[1], $lib->[3]); + foreach my $routine (sort ByName keys(%{$symbol_table})) { + my $start_addr = $symbol_table->{$routine}->[0]; + my $end_addr = $symbol_table->{$routine}->[1]; + # See if there are any samples in this routine + my $length = hex(AddressSub($end_addr, $start_addr)); + my $addr = AddressAdd($start_addr, $offset); + for (my $i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) { + if (defined($cumulative->{$addr})) { + PrintDisassembledFunction($lib->[0], $offset, + $routine, $flat, $cumulative, + $start_addr, $end_addr, $total); + last; + } + $addr = AddressInc($addr); + } + } + } +} + +# Return reference to array of tuples of the form: +# [start_address, filename, linenumber, instruction, limit_address] +# E.g., +# ["0x806c43d", "/foo/bar.cc", 131, "ret", "0x806c440"] +sub Disassemble { + my $prog = shift; + my $offset = shift; + my $start_addr = shift; + my $end_addr = shift; + + my $objdump = $obj_tool_map{"objdump"}; + my $cmd = sprintf("$objdump -C -d -l --no-show-raw-insn " . + "--start-address=0x$start_addr " . + "--stop-address=0x$end_addr $prog"); + open(OBJDUMP, "$cmd |") || error("$objdump: $!\n"); + my @result = (); + my $filename = ""; + my $linenumber = -1; + my $last = ["", "", "", ""]; + while () { + s/\r//g; # turn windows-looking lines into unix-looking lines + chop; + if (m|\s*([^:\s]+):(\d+)\s*$|) { + # Location line of the form: + # : + $filename = $1; + $linenumber = $2; + } elsif (m/^ +([0-9a-f]+):\s*(.*)/) { + # Disassembly line -- zero-extend address to full length + my $addr = HexExtend($1); + my $k = AddressAdd($addr, $offset); + $last->[4] = $k; # Store ending address for previous instruction + $last = [$k, $filename, $linenumber, $2, $end_addr]; + push(@result, $last); + } + } + close(OBJDUMP); + return @result; +} + +# The input file should contain lines of the form /proc/maps-like +# output (same format as expected from the profiles) or that looks +# like hex addresses (like "0xDEADBEEF"). We will parse all +# /proc/maps output, and for all the hex addresses, we will output +# "short" symbol names, one per line, in the same order as the input. +sub PrintSymbols { + my $maps_and_symbols_file = shift; + + # ParseLibraries expects pcs to be in a set. Fine by us... + my @pclist = (); # pcs in sorted order + my $pcs = {}; + my $map = ""; + foreach my $line (<$maps_and_symbols_file>) { + $line =~ s/\r//g; # turn windows-looking lines into unix-looking lines + if ($line =~ /\b(0x[0-9a-f]+)\b/i) { + push(@pclist, HexExtend($1)); + $pcs->{$pclist[-1]} = 1; + } else { + $map .= $line; + } + } + + my $libs = ParseLibraries($main::prog, $map, $pcs); + my $symbols = ExtractSymbols($libs, $pcs); + + foreach my $pc (@pclist) { + # ->[0] is the shortname, ->[2] is the full name + print(($symbols->{$pc}->[0] || "??") . "\n"); + } +} + + +# For sorting functions by name +sub ByName { + return ShortFunctionName($a) cmp ShortFunctionName($b); +} + +# Print source-listing for all all routines that match $main::opt_list +sub PrintListing { + my $libs = shift; + my $flat = shift; + my $cumulative = shift; + my $list_opts = shift; + + foreach my $lib (@{$libs}) { + my $symbol_table = GetProcedureBoundaries($lib->[0], $list_opts); + my $offset = AddressSub($lib->[1], $lib->[3]); + foreach my $routine (sort ByName keys(%{$symbol_table})) { + # Print if there are any samples in this routine + my $start_addr = $symbol_table->{$routine}->[0]; + my $end_addr = $symbol_table->{$routine}->[1]; + my $length = hex(AddressSub($end_addr, $start_addr)); + my $addr = AddressAdd($start_addr, $offset); + for (my $i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) { + if (defined($cumulative->{$addr})) { + PrintSource($lib->[0], $offset, + $routine, $flat, $cumulative, + $start_addr, $end_addr); + last; + } + $addr = AddressInc($addr); + } + } + } +} + +# Returns the indentation of the line, if it has any non-whitespace +# characters. Otherwise, returns -1. +sub Indentation { + my $line = shift; + if (m/^(\s*)\S/) { + return length($1); + } else { + return -1; + } +} + +# Print source-listing for one routine +sub PrintSource { + my $prog = shift; + my $offset = shift; + my $routine = shift; + my $flat = shift; + my $cumulative = shift; + my $start_addr = shift; + my $end_addr = shift; + + # Disassemble all instructions (just to get line numbers) + my @instructions = Disassemble($prog, $offset, $start_addr, $end_addr); + + # Hack 1: assume that the first source file encountered in the + # disassembly contains the routine + my $filename = undef; + for (my $i = 0; $i <= $#instructions; $i++) { + if ($instructions[$i]->[2] >= 0) { + $filename = $instructions[$i]->[1]; + last; + } + } + if (!defined($filename)) { + print STDERR "no filename found in $routine\n"; + return; + } + + # Hack 2: assume that the largest line number from $filename is the + # end of the procedure. This is typically safe since if P1 contains + # an inlined call to P2, then P2 usually occurs earlier in the + # source file. If this does not work, we might have to compute a + # density profile or just print all regions we find. + my $lastline = 0; + for (my $i = 0; $i <= $#instructions; $i++) { + my $f = $instructions[$i]->[1]; + my $l = $instructions[$i]->[2]; + if (($f eq $filename) && ($l > $lastline)) { + $lastline = $l; + } + } + + # Hack 3: assume the first source location from "filename" is the start of + # the source code. + my $firstline = 1; + for (my $i = 0; $i <= $#instructions; $i++) { + if ($instructions[$i]->[1] eq $filename) { + $firstline = $instructions[$i]->[2]; + last; + } + } + + # Hack 4: Extend last line forward until its indentation is less than + # the indentation we saw on $firstline + my $oldlastline = $lastline; + { + if (!open(FILE, "<$filename")) { + print STDERR "$filename: $!\n"; + return; + } + my $l = 0; + my $first_indentation = -1; + while () { + s/\r//g; # turn windows-looking lines into unix-looking lines + $l++; + my $indent = Indentation($_); + if ($l >= $firstline) { + if ($first_indentation < 0 && $indent >= 0) { + $first_indentation = $indent; + last if ($first_indentation == 0); + } + } + if ($l >= $lastline && $indent >= 0) { + if ($indent >= $first_indentation) { + $lastline = $l+1; + } else { + last; + } + } + } + close(FILE); + } + + # Assign all samples to the range $firstline,$lastline, + # Hack 4: If an instruction does not occur in the range, its samples + # are moved to the next instruction that occurs in the range. + my $samples1 = {}; + my $samples2 = {}; + my $running1 = 0; # Unassigned flat counts + my $running2 = 0; # Unassigned cumulative counts + my $total1 = 0; # Total flat counts + my $total2 = 0; # Total cumulative counts + foreach my $e (@instructions) { + # Add up counts for all address that fall inside this instruction + my $c1 = 0; + my $c2 = 0; + for (my $a = $e->[0]; $a lt $e->[4]; $a = AddressInc($a)) { + $c1 += GetEntry($flat, $a); + $c2 += GetEntry($cumulative, $a); + } + $running1 += $c1; + $running2 += $c2; + $total1 += $c1; + $total2 += $c2; + my $file = $e->[1]; + my $line = $e->[2]; + if (($file eq $filename) && + ($line >= $firstline) && + ($line <= $lastline)) { + # Assign all accumulated samples to this line + AddEntry($samples1, $line, $running1); + AddEntry($samples2, $line, $running2); + $running1 = 0; + $running2 = 0; + } + } + + # Assign any leftover samples to $lastline + AddEntry($samples1, $lastline, $running1); + AddEntry($samples2, $lastline, $running2); + + printf("ROUTINE ====================== %s in %s\n" . + "%6s %6s Total %s (flat / cumulative)\n", + ShortFunctionName($routine), + $filename, + Units(), + Unparse($total1), + Unparse($total2)); + if (!open(FILE, "<$filename")) { + print STDERR "$filename: $!\n"; + return; + } + my $l = 0; + while () { + s/\r//g; # turn windows-looking lines into unix-looking lines + $l++; + if ($l >= $firstline - 5 && + (($l <= $oldlastline + 5) || ($l <= $lastline))) { + chop; + my $text = $_; + if ($l == $firstline) { printf("---\n"); } + printf("%6s %6s %4d: %s\n", + UnparseAlt(GetEntry($samples1, $l)), + UnparseAlt(GetEntry($samples2, $l)), + $l, + $text); + if ($l == $lastline) { printf("---\n"); } + }; + } + close(FILE); +} + +# Return the source line for the specified file/linenumber. +# Returns undef if not found. +sub SourceLine { + my $file = shift; + my $line = shift; + + # Look in cache + if (!defined($main::source_cache{$file})) { + if (100 < scalar keys(%main::source_cache)) { + # Clear the cache when it gets too big + $main::source_cache = (); + } + + # Read all lines from the file + if (!open(FILE, "<$file")) { + print STDERR "$file: $!\n"; + $main::source_cache{$file} = []; # Cache the negative result + return undef; + } + my $lines = []; + push(@{$lines}, ""); # So we can use 1-based line numbers as indices + while () { + push(@{$lines}, $_); + } + close(FILE); + + # Save the lines in the cache + $main::source_cache{$file} = $lines; + } + + my $lines = $main::source_cache{$file}; + if (($line < 0) || ($line > $#{$lines})) { + return undef; + } else { + return $lines->[$line]; + } +} + +# Print disassembly for one routine with interspersed source if available +sub PrintDisassembledFunction { + my $prog = shift; + my $offset = shift; + my $routine = shift; + my $flat = shift; + my $cumulative = shift; + my $start_addr = shift; + my $end_addr = shift; + my $total = shift; + + # Disassemble all instructions + my @instructions = Disassemble($prog, $offset, $start_addr, $end_addr); + + # Make array of counts per instruction + my @flat_count = (); + my @cum_count = (); + my $flat_total = 0; + my $cum_total = 0; + foreach my $e (@instructions) { + # Add up counts for all address that fall inside this instruction + my $c1 = 0; + my $c2 = 0; + for (my $a = $e->[0]; $a lt $e->[4]; $a = AddressInc($a)) { + $c1 += GetEntry($flat, $a); + $c2 += GetEntry($cumulative, $a); + } + push(@flat_count, $c1); + push(@cum_count, $c2); + $flat_total += $c1; + $cum_total += $c2; + } + + # Print header with total counts + printf("ROUTINE ====================== %s\n" . + "%6s %6s %s (flat, cumulative) %.1f%% of total\n", + ShortFunctionName($routine), + Unparse($flat_total), + Unparse($cum_total), + Units(), + ($cum_total * 100.0) / $total); + + # Process instructions in order + my $current_file = ""; + for (my $i = 0; $i <= $#instructions; ) { + my $e = $instructions[$i]; + + # Print the new file name whenever we switch files + if ($e->[1] ne $current_file) { + $current_file = $e->[1]; + my $fname = $current_file; + $fname =~ s|^\./||; # Trim leading "./" + + # Shorten long file names + if (length($fname) >= 58) { + $fname = "..." . substr($fname, -55); + } + printf("-------------------- %s\n", $fname); + } + + # TODO: Compute range of lines to print together to deal with + # small reorderings. + my $first_line = $e->[2]; + my $last_line = $first_line; + my %flat_sum = (); + my %cum_sum = (); + for (my $l = $first_line; $l <= $last_line; $l++) { + $flat_sum{$l} = 0; + $cum_sum{$l} = 0; + } + + # Find run of instructions for this range of source lines + my $first_inst = $i; + while (($i <= $#instructions) && + ($instructions[$i]->[2] >= $first_line) && + ($instructions[$i]->[2] <= $last_line)) { + $e = $instructions[$i]; + $flat_sum{$e->[2]} += $flat_count[$i]; + $cum_sum{$e->[2]} += $cum_count[$i]; + $i++; + } + my $last_inst = $i - 1; + + # Print source lines + for (my $l = $first_line; $l <= $last_line; $l++) { + my $line = SourceLine($current_file, $l); + if (!defined($line)) { + $line = "?\n"; + next; + } else { + $line =~ s/^\s+//; + } + printf("%6s %6s %5d: %s", + UnparseAlt($flat_sum{$l}), + UnparseAlt($cum_sum{$l}), + $l, + $line); + } + + # Print disassembly + for (my $x = $first_inst; $x <= $last_inst; $x++) { + my $e = $instructions[$x]; + my $address = $e->[0]; + $address = AddressSub($address, $offset); # Make relative to section + $address =~ s/^0x//; + $address =~ s/^0*//; + + # Trim symbols + my $d = $e->[3]; + while ($d =~ s/\([^()%]*\)(\s*const)?//g) { } # Argument types, not (%rax) + while ($d =~ s/(\w+)<[^<>]*>/$1/g) { } # Remove template arguments + + printf("%6s %6s %8s: %6s\n", + UnparseAlt($flat_count[$x]), + UnparseAlt($cum_count[$x]), + $address, + $d); + } + } +} + +# Print DOT graph +sub PrintDot { + my $prog = shift; + my $symbols = shift; + my $raw = shift; + my $flat = shift; + my $cumulative = shift; + my $overall_total = shift; + + # Get total + my $local_total = TotalProfile($flat); + my $nodelimit = int($main::opt_nodefraction * $local_total); + my $edgelimit = int($main::opt_edgefraction * $local_total); + my $nodecount = $main::opt_nodecount; + + # Find nodes to include + my @list = (sort { abs(GetEntry($cumulative, $b)) <=> + abs(GetEntry($cumulative, $a)) + || $a cmp $b } + keys(%{$cumulative})); + my $last = $nodecount - 1; + if ($last > $#list) { + $last = $#list; + } + while (($last >= 0) && + (abs(GetEntry($cumulative, $list[$last])) <= $nodelimit)) { + $last--; + } + if ($last < 0) { + print STDERR "No nodes to print\n"; + cleanup(); + return 0; + } + + if ($nodelimit > 0 || $edgelimit > 0) { + printf STDERR ("Dropping nodes with <= %s %s; edges with <= %s abs(%s)\n", + Unparse($nodelimit), Units(), + Unparse($edgelimit), Units()); + } + + # Open DOT output file + my $output; + if ($main::opt_gv) { + $output = "| $DOT -Tps2 >" . PsTempName($main::next_tmpfile); + } elsif ($main::opt_ps) { + $output = "| $DOT -Tps2"; + } elsif ($main::opt_pdf) { + $output = "| $DOT -Tps2 | $PS2PDF - -"; + } elsif ($main::opt_gif) { + $output = "| $DOT -Tgif"; + } else { + $output = ">&STDOUT"; + } + open(DOT, $output) || error("$output: $!\n"); + + # Title + printf DOT ("digraph \"%s; %s %s\" {\n", + $prog, + Unparse($overall_total), + Units()); + if ($main::opt_pdf) { + # The output is more printable if we set the page size for dot. + printf DOT ("size=\"8,11\"\n"); + } + printf DOT ("node [width=0.375,height=0.25];\n"); + + # Print legend + printf DOT ("Legend [shape=box,fontsize=24,shape=plaintext," . + "label=\"%s\\l%s\\l%s\\l%s\\l%s\\l\"];\n", + $prog, + sprintf("Total %s: %s", Units(), Unparse($overall_total)), + sprintf("Focusing on: %s", Unparse($local_total)), + sprintf("Dropped nodes with <= %s abs(%s)", + Unparse($nodelimit), Units()), + sprintf("Dropped edges with <= %s %s", + Unparse($edgelimit), Units()) + ); + + # Print nodes + my %node = (); + my $nextnode = 1; + foreach my $a (@list[0..$last]) { + # Pick font size + my $f = GetEntry($flat, $a); + my $c = GetEntry($cumulative, $a); + + my $fs = 8; + if ($local_total > 0) { + $fs = 8 + (50.0 * sqrt(abs($f * 1.0 / $local_total))); + } + + $node{$a} = $nextnode++; + my $sym = $a; + $sym =~ s/\s+/\\n/g; + $sym =~ s/::/\\n/g; + + # Extra cumulative info to print for non-leaves + my $extra = ""; + if ($f != $c) { + $extra = sprintf("\\rof %s (%s)", + Unparse($c), + Percent($c, $overall_total)); + } + my $style = ""; + if ($main::opt_heapcheck) { + if ($f > 0) { + # make leak-causing nodes more visible (add a background) + $style = ",style=filled,fillcolor=gray" + } elsif ($f < 0) { + # make anti-leak-causing nodes (which almost never occur) + # stand out as well (triple border) + $style = ",peripheries=3" + } + } + + printf DOT ("N%d [label=\"%s\\n%s (%s)%s\\r" . + "\",shape=box,fontsize=%.1f%s];\n", + $node{$a}, + $sym, + Unparse($f), + Percent($f, $overall_total), + $extra, + $fs, + $style, + ); + } + + # Get edges and counts per edge + my %edge = (); + my $n; + foreach my $k (keys(%{$raw})) { + # TODO: omit low %age edges + $n = $raw->{$k}; + my @translated = TranslateStack($symbols, $k); + for (my $i = 1; $i <= $#translated; $i++) { + my $src = $translated[$i]; + my $dst = $translated[$i-1]; + #next if ($src eq $dst); # Avoid self-edges? + if (exists($node{$src}) && exists($node{$dst})) { + my $edge_label = "$src\001$dst"; + if (!exists($edge{$edge_label})) { + $edge{$edge_label} = 0; + } + $edge{$edge_label} += $n; + } + } + } + + # Print edges + foreach my $e (keys(%edge)) { + my @x = split(/\001/, $e); + $n = $edge{$e}; + + if (abs($n) > $edgelimit) { + # Compute line width based on edge count + my $fraction = abs($local_total ? (3 * ($n / $local_total)) : 0); + if ($fraction > 1) { $fraction = 1; } + my $w = $fraction * 2; + #if ($w < 1) { $w = 1; } + + # Dot sometimes segfaults if given edge weights that are too large, so + # we cap the weights at a large value + my $edgeweight = abs($n) ** 0.7; + if ($edgeweight > 100000) { $edgeweight = 100000; } + $edgeweight = int($edgeweight); + + my $style = sprintf("setlinewidth(%f)", $w); + if ($x[1] =~ m/\(inline\)/) { + $style .= ",dashed"; + } + + # Use a slightly squashed function of the edge count as the weight + printf DOT ("N%s -> N%s [label=%s, weight=%d, style=\"%s\"];\n", + $node{$x[0]}, + $node{$x[1]}, + Unparse($n), + $edgeweight, + $style); + } + } + + print DOT ("}\n"); + + close(DOT); + return 1; +} + +# Translate a stack of addresses into a stack of symbols +sub TranslateStack { + my $symbols = shift; + my $k = shift; + + my @addrs = split(/\n/, $k); + my @result = (); + for (my $i = 0; $i <= $#addrs; $i++) { + my $a = $addrs[$i]; + + # Skip large addresses since they sometimes show up as fake entries on RH9 + if (length($a) > 8 && $a gt "7fffffffffffffff") { + next; + } + + if ($main::opt_disasm || $main::opt_list) { + # We want just the address for the key + push(@result, $a); + next; + } + + my $symlist = $symbols->{$a}; + if (!defined($symlist)) { + $symlist = [$a, "", $a]; + } + + # We can have a sequence of symbols for a particular entry + # (more than one symbol in the case of inlining). Callers + # come before callees in symlist, so walk backwards since + # the translated stack should contain callees before callers. + for (my $j = $#{$symlist}; $j >= 2; $j -= 3) { + my $func = $symlist->[$j-2]; + my $fileline = $symlist->[$j-1]; + my $fullfunc = $symlist->[$j]; + if ($j > 2) { + $func = "$func (inline)"; + } + if ($main::opt_addresses) { + push(@result, "$a $func $fileline"); + } elsif ($main::opt_lines) { + if ($func eq '??' && $fileline eq '??:0') { + push(@result, "$a"); + } else { + push(@result, "$func $fileline"); + } + } elsif ($main::opt_functions) { + if ($func eq '??') { + push(@result, "$a"); + } else { + push(@result, $func); + } + } elsif ($main::opt_files) { + if ($fileline eq '??:0' || $fileline eq '') { + push(@result, "$a"); + } else { + my $f = $fileline; + $f =~ s/:\d+$//; + push(@result, $f); + } + } else { + push(@result, $a); + last; # Do not print inlined info + } + } + } + + # print join(",", @addrs), " => ", join(",", @result), "\n"; + return @result; +} + +# Generate percent string for a number and a total +sub Percent { + my $num = shift; + my $tot = shift; + if ($tot != 0) { + return sprintf("%.1f%%", $num * 100.0 / $tot); + } else { + return ($num == 0) ? "nan" : (($num > 0) ? "+inf" : "-inf"); + } +} + +# Generate pretty-printed form of number +sub Unparse { + my $num = shift; + if ($main::profile_type eq 'heap' || $main::profile_type eq 'growth') { + if ($main::opt_inuse_objects || $main::opt_alloc_objects) { + return sprintf("%d", $num); + } else { + if ($main::opt_show_bytes) { + return sprintf("%d", $num); + } else { + return sprintf("%.1f", $num / 1048576.0); + } + } + } elsif ($main::profile_type eq 'contention' && !$main::opt_contentions) { + return sprintf("%.3f", $num / 1e9); # Convert nanoseconds to seconds + } else { + return sprintf("%d", $num); + } +} + +# Alternate pretty-printed form: 0 maps to "." +sub UnparseAlt { + my $num = shift; + if ($num == 0) { + return "."; + } else { + return Unparse($num); + } +} + +# Return output units +sub Units { + if ($main::profile_type eq 'heap' || $main::profile_type eq 'growth') { + if ($main::opt_inuse_objects || $main::opt_alloc_objects) { + return "objects"; + } else { + if ($main::opt_show_bytes) { + return "B"; + } else { + return "MB"; + } + } + } elsif ($main::profile_type eq 'contention' && !$main::opt_contentions) { + return "seconds"; + } else { + return "samples"; + } +} + +##### Profile manipulation code ##### + +# Generate flattened profile: +# If count is charged to stack [a,b,c,d], in generated profile, +# it will be charged to [a] +sub FlatProfile { + my $profile = shift; + my $result = {}; + foreach my $k (keys(%{$profile})) { + my $count = $profile->{$k}; + my @addrs = split(/\n/, $k); + if ($#addrs >= 0) { + AddEntry($result, $addrs[0], $count); + } + } + return $result; +} + +# Generate cumulative profile: +# If count is charged to stack [a,b,c,d], in generated profile, +# it will be charged to [a], [b], [c], [d] +sub CumulativeProfile { + my $profile = shift; + my $result = {}; + foreach my $k (keys(%{$profile})) { + my $count = $profile->{$k}; + my @addrs = split(/\n/, $k); + foreach my $a (@addrs) { + AddEntry($result, $a, $count); + } + } + return $result; +} + +# If the second-youngest PC on the stack is always the same, returns +# that pc. Otherwise, returns undef. +sub IsSecondPcAlwaysTheSame { + my $profile = shift; + + my $second_pc = undef; + foreach my $k (keys(%{$profile})) { + my @addrs = split(/\n/, $k); + if ($#addrs < 1) { + return undef; + } + if (not defined $second_pc) { + $second_pc = $addrs[1]; + } else { + if ($second_pc ne $addrs[1]) { + return undef; + } + } + } + return $second_pc; +} + +sub ExtractSymbolLocation { + my $symbols = shift; + my $address = shift; + # 'addr2line' outputs "??:0" for unknown locations; we do the + # same to be consistent. + my $location = "??:0:unknown"; + if (exists $symbols->{$address}) { + my $file = $symbols->{$address}->[1]; + if ($file eq "?") { + $file = "??:0" + } + $location = $file . ":" . $symbols->{$address}->[0]; + } + return $location; +} + +# Extracts a graph of calls. +sub ExtractCalls { + my $symbols = shift; + my $profile = shift; + + my $calls = {}; + while( my ($stack_trace, $count) = each %$profile ) { + my @address = split(/\n/, $stack_trace); + my $destination = ExtractSymbolLocation($symbols, $address[0]); + AddEntry($calls, $destination, $count); + for (my $i = 1; $i <= $#address; $i++) { + my $source = ExtractSymbolLocation($symbols, $address[$i]); + my $call = "$source -> $destination"; + AddEntry($calls, $call, $count); + $destination = $source; + } + } + + return $calls; +} + +sub RemoveUninterestingFrames { + my $symbols = shift; + my $profile = shift; + + # List of function names to skip + my %skip = (); + my $skip_regexp = 'NOMATCH'; + if ($main::profile_type eq 'heap' || $main::profile_type eq 'growth') { + foreach my $name ('calloc', + 'cfree', + 'malloc', + 'free', + 'memalign', + 'posix_memalign', + 'pvalloc', + 'valloc', + 'realloc', + 'tc_calloc', + 'tc_cfree', + 'tc_malloc', + 'tc_free', + 'tc_memalign', + 'tc_posix_memalign', + 'tc_pvalloc', + 'tc_valloc', + 'tc_realloc', + 'tc_new', + 'tc_delete', + 'tc_newarray', + 'tc_deletearray', + 'tc_new_nothrow', + 'tc_newarray_nothrow', + 'do_malloc', + '::do_malloc', # new name -- got moved to an unnamed ns + '::do_malloc_or_cpp_alloc', + 'DoSampledAllocation', + 'simple_alloc::allocate', + '__malloc_alloc_template::allocate', + '__builtin_delete', + '__builtin_new', + '__builtin_vec_delete', + '__builtin_vec_new', + 'operator new', + 'operator new[]', + # These mark the beginning/end of our custom sections + '__start_google_malloc', + '__stop_google_malloc', + '__start_malloc_hook', + '__stop_malloc_hook') { + $skip{$name} = 1; + $skip{"_" . $name} = 1; # Mach (OS X) adds a _ prefix to everything + } + # TODO: Remove TCMalloc once everything has been + # moved into the tcmalloc:: namespace and we have flushed + # old code out of the system. + $skip_regexp = "TCMalloc|^tcmalloc::"; + } elsif ($main::profile_type eq 'contention') { + foreach my $vname ('Mutex::Unlock', 'Mutex::UnlockSlow') { + $skip{$vname} = 1; + } + } elsif ($main::profile_type eq 'cpu') { + # Drop signal handlers used for CPU profile collection + # TODO(dpeng): this should not be necessary; it's taken + # care of by the general 2nd-pc mechanism below. + foreach my $name ('ProfileData::Add', # historical + 'ProfileData::prof_handler', # historical + 'CpuProfiler::prof_handler', + '__FRAME_END__', + '__pthread_sighandler', + '__restore') { + $skip{$name} = 1; + } + } else { + # Nothing skipped for unknown types + } + + if ($main::profile_type eq 'cpu') { + # If all the second-youngest program counters are the same, + # this STRONGLY suggests that it is an artifact of measurement, + # i.e., stack frames pushed by the CPU profiler signal handler. + # Hence, we delete them. + # (The topmost PC is read from the signal structure, not from + # the stack, so it does not get involved.) + while (my $second_pc = IsSecondPcAlwaysTheSame($profile)) { + my $result = {}; + my $func = ''; + if (exists($symbols->{$second_pc})) { + $second_pc = $symbols->{$second_pc}->[0]; + } + print STDERR "Removing $second_pc from all stack traces.\n"; + foreach my $k (keys(%{$profile})) { + my $count = $profile->{$k}; + my @addrs = split(/\n/, $k); + splice @addrs, 1, 1; + my $reduced_path = join("\n", @addrs); + AddEntry($result, $reduced_path, $count); + } + $profile = $result; + } + } + + my $result = {}; + foreach my $k (keys(%{$profile})) { + my $count = $profile->{$k}; + my @addrs = split(/\n/, $k); + my @path = (); + foreach my $a (@addrs) { + if (exists($symbols->{$a})) { + my $func = $symbols->{$a}->[0]; + if ($skip{$func} || ($func =~ m/$skip_regexp/)) { + next; + } + } + push(@path, $a); + } + my $reduced_path = join("\n", @path); + AddEntry($result, $reduced_path, $count); + } + return $result; +} + +# Reduce profile to granularity given by user +sub ReduceProfile { + my $symbols = shift; + my $profile = shift; + my $result = {}; + foreach my $k (keys(%{$profile})) { + my $count = $profile->{$k}; + my @translated = TranslateStack($symbols, $k); + my @path = (); + my %seen = (); + $seen{''} = 1; # So that empty keys are skipped + foreach my $e (@translated) { + # To avoid double-counting due to recursion, skip a stack-trace + # entry if it has already been seen + if (!$seen{$e}) { + $seen{$e} = 1; + push(@path, $e); + } + } + my $reduced_path = join("\n", @path); + AddEntry($result, $reduced_path, $count); + } + return $result; +} + +# Does the specified symbol array match the regexp? +sub SymbolMatches { + my $sym = shift; + my $re = shift; + if (defined($sym)) { + for (my $i = 0; $i < $#{$sym}; $i += 3) { + if ($sym->[$i] =~ m/$re/ || $sym->[$i+1] =~ m/$re/) { + return 1; + } + } + } + return 0; +} + +# Focus only on paths involving specified regexps +sub FocusProfile { + my $symbols = shift; + my $profile = shift; + my $focus = shift; + my $result = {}; + foreach my $k (keys(%{$profile})) { + my $count = $profile->{$k}; + my @addrs = split(/\n/, $k); + foreach my $a (@addrs) { + # Reply if it matches either the address/shortname/fileline + if (($a =~ m/$focus/) || SymbolMatches($symbols->{$a}, $focus)) { + AddEntry($result, $k, $count); + last; + } + } + } + return $result; +} + +# Focus only on paths not involving specified regexps +sub IgnoreProfile { + my $symbols = shift; + my $profile = shift; + my $ignore = shift; + my $result = {}; + foreach my $k (keys(%{$profile})) { + my $count = $profile->{$k}; + my @addrs = split(/\n/, $k); + my $matched = 0; + foreach my $a (@addrs) { + # Reply if it matches either the address/shortname/fileline + if (($a =~ m/$ignore/) || SymbolMatches($symbols->{$a}, $ignore)) { + $matched = 1; + last; + } + } + if (!$matched) { + AddEntry($result, $k, $count); + } + } + return $result; +} + +# Get total count in profile +sub TotalProfile { + my $profile = shift; + my $result = 0; + foreach my $k (keys(%{$profile})) { + $result += $profile->{$k}; + } + return $result; +} + +# Add A to B +sub AddProfile { + my $A = shift; + my $B = shift; + + my $R = {}; + # add all keys in A + foreach my $k (keys(%{$A})) { + my $v = $A->{$k}; + AddEntry($R, $k, $v); + } + # add all keys in B + foreach my $k (keys(%{$B})) { + my $v = $B->{$k}; + AddEntry($R, $k, $v); + } + return $R; +} + +# Merges symbol maps +sub MergeSymbols { + my $A = shift; + my $B = shift; + + my $R = {}; + foreach my $k (keys(%{$A})) { + $R->{$k} = $A->{$k}; + } + if (defined($B)) { + foreach my $k (keys(%{$B})) { + $R->{$k} = $B->{$k}; + } + } + return $R; +} + + +# Add A to B +sub AddPcs { + my $A = shift; + my $B = shift; + + my $R = {}; + # add all keys in A + foreach my $k (keys(%{$A})) { + $R->{$k} = 1 + } + # add all keys in B + foreach my $k (keys(%{$B})) { + $R->{$k} = 1 + } + return $R; +} + +# Subtract B from A +sub SubtractProfile { + my $A = shift; + my $B = shift; + + my $R = {}; + foreach my $k (keys(%{$A})) { + my $v = $A->{$k} - GetEntry($B, $k); + if ($v < 0 && $main::opt_drop_negative) { + $v = 0; + } + AddEntry($R, $k, $v); + } + if (!$main::opt_drop_negative) { + # Take care of when subtracted profile has more entries + foreach my $k (keys(%{$B})) { + if (!exists($A->{$k})) { + AddEntry($R, $k, 0 - $B->{$k}); + } + } + } + return $R; +} + +# Get entry from profile; zero if not present +sub GetEntry { + my $profile = shift; + my $k = shift; + if (exists($profile->{$k})) { + return $profile->{$k}; + } else { + return 0; + } +} + +# Add entry to specified profile +sub AddEntry { + my $profile = shift; + my $k = shift; + my $n = shift; + if (!exists($profile->{$k})) { + $profile->{$k} = 0; + } + $profile->{$k} += $n; +} + +# Add a stack of entries to specified profile, and add them to the $pcs +# list. +sub AddEntries { + my $profile = shift; + my $pcs = shift; + my $stack = shift; + my $count = shift; + my @k = (); + + foreach my $e (split(/\s+/, $stack)) { + my $pc = HexExtend($e); + $pcs->{$pc} = 1; + push @k, $pc; + } + AddEntry($profile, (join "\n", @k), $count); +} + +sub IsSymbolizedProfileFile { + my $file_name = shift; + + if (!(-e $file_name) || !(-r $file_name)) { + return 0; + } + + $SYMBOL_PAGE =~ m,[^/]+$,; # matches everything after the last slash + my $symbol_marker = $&; + # Check if the file contains a symbol-section marker. + open(TFILE, "<$file_name"); + my @lines = ; + my $result = grep(/^--- *$symbol_marker/, @lines); + close(TFILE); + return $result > 0; +} + +##### Code to profile a server dynamically ##### + +sub CheckSymbolPage { + my $url = SymbolPageURL(); + open(SYMBOL, "$WGET $WGET_FLAGS -qO- '$url' |"); + my $line = ; + $line =~ s/\r//g; # turn windows-looking lines into unix-looking lines + close(SYMBOL); + unless (defined($line)) { + error("$url doesn't exist\n"); + } + + if ($line =~ /^num_symbols:\s+(\d+)$/) { + if ($1 == 0) { + error("Stripped binary. No symbols available.\n"); + } + } else { + error("Failed to get the number of symbols from $url\n"); + } +} + +sub IsProfileURL { + my $profile_name = shift; + my ($host, $port, $path) = ParseProfileURL($profile_name); + return defined($host) and defined($port) and defined($path); +} + +sub ParseProfileURL { + my $profile_name = shift; + if (defined($profile_name) && + $profile_name =~ m,^(http://|)([^/:]+):(\d+)(|\@\d+)(|/|.*($PROFILE_PAGE|$PMUPROFILE_PAGE|$HEAP_PAGE|$GROWTH_PAGE|$CONTENTION_PAGE|$WALL_PAGE|$FILTEREDPROFILE_PAGE))$,o) { + # $6 is $PROFILE_PAGE/$HEAP_PAGE/etc. $5 is *everything* after + # the hostname, as long as that everything is the empty string, + # a slash, or something ending in $PROFILE_PAGE/$HEAP_PAGE/etc. + # So "$6 || $5" is $PROFILE_PAGE/etc if there, or else it's "/" or "". + return ($2, $3, $6 || $5); + } + return (); +} + +# We fetch symbols from the first profile argument. +sub SymbolPageURL { + my ($host, $port, $path) = ParseProfileURL($main::pfile_args[0]); + return "http://$host:$port$SYMBOL_PAGE"; +} + +sub FetchProgramName() { + my ($host, $port, $path) = ParseProfileURL($main::pfile_args[0]); + my $url = "http://$host:$port$PROGRAM_NAME_PAGE"; + my $command_line = "$WGET $WGET_FLAGS -qO- '$url'"; + open(CMDLINE, "$command_line |") or error($command_line); + my $cmdline = ; + $cmdline =~ s/\r//g; # turn windows-looking lines into unix-looking lines + close(CMDLINE); + error("Failed to get program name from $url\n") unless defined($cmdline); + $cmdline =~ s/\x00.+//; # Remove argv[1] and latters. + $cmdline =~ s!\n!!g; # Remove LFs. + return $cmdline; +} + +# Gee, curl's -L (--location) option isn't reliable at least +# with its 7.12.3 version. Curl will forget to post data if +# there is a redirection. This function is a workaround for +# curl. Redirection happens on borg hosts. +sub ResolveRedirectionForCurl { + my $url = shift; + my $command_line = "$CURL -s --head '$url'"; + open(CMDLINE, "$command_line |") or error($command_line); + while () { + s/\r//g; # turn windows-looking lines into unix-looking lines + if (/^Location: (.*)/) { + $url = $1; + } + } + close(CMDLINE); + return $url; +} + +# Reads a symbol map from the file handle name given as $1, returning +# the resulting symbol map. Also processes variables relating to symbols. +# Currently, the only variable processed is 'binary=' which updates +# $main::prog to have the correct program name. +sub ReadSymbols { + my $in = shift; + my $map = {}; + while (<$in>) { + s/\r//g; # turn windows-looking lines into unix-looking lines + # Removes all the leading zeroes from the symbols, see comment below. + if (m/^0x0*([0-9a-f]+)\s+(.+)/) { + $map->{$1} = $2; + } elsif (m/^---/) { + last; + } elsif (m/^([a-z][^=]*)=(.*)$/ ) { + my ($variable, $value) = ($1, $2); + for ($variable, $value) { + s/^\s+//; + s/\s+$//; + } + if ($variable eq "binary") { + if ($main::prog ne $UNKNOWN_BINARY && $main::prog ne $value) { + printf STDERR ("Warning: Mismatched binary name '%s', using '%s'.\n", + $main::prog, $value); + } + $main::prog = $value; + } else { + printf STDERR ("Ignoring unknown variable in symbols list: " . + "'%s' = '%s'\n", $variable, $value); + } + } + } + return $map; +} + +# Fetches and processes symbols to prepare them for use in the profile output +# code. If the optional 'symbol_map' arg is not given, fetches symbols from +# $SYMBOL_PAGE for all PC values found in profile. Otherwise, the raw symbols +# are assumed to have already been fetched into 'symbol_map' and are simply +# extracted and processed. +sub FetchSymbols { + my $pcset = shift; + my $symbol_map = shift; + + my %seen = (); + my @pcs = grep { !$seen{$_}++ } keys(%$pcset); # uniq + + if (!defined($symbol_map)) { + my $post_data = join("+", sort((map {"0x" . "$_"} @pcs))); + + open(POSTFILE, ">$main::tmpfile_sym"); + print POSTFILE $post_data; + close(POSTFILE); + + my $url = SymbolPageURL(); + # Here we use curl for sending data via POST since old + # wget doesn't have --post-file option. + $url = ResolveRedirectionForCurl($url); + my $command_line = "$CURL -sd '\@$main::tmpfile_sym' '$url'"; + # We use c++filt in case $SYMBOL_PAGE gives us mangled symbols. + my $cppfilt = $obj_tool_map{"c++filt"}; + open(SYMBOL, "$command_line | $cppfilt |") or error($command_line); + $symbol_map = ReadSymbols(*SYMBOL{IO}); + close(SYMBOL); + } + + my $symbols = {}; + foreach my $pc (@pcs) { + my $fullname; + # For 64 bits binaries, symbols are extracted with 8 leading zeroes. + # Then /symbol reads the long symbols in as uint64, and outputs + # the result with a "0x%08llx" format which get rid of the zeroes. + # By removing all the leading zeroes in both $pc and the symbols from + # /symbol, the symbols match and are retrievable from the map. + my $shortpc = $pc; + $shortpc =~ s/^0*//; + # Each line may have a list of names, which includes the function + # and also other functions it has inlined. They are separated + # (in PrintSymbolizedFile), by --, which is illegal in function names. + my $fullnames; + if (defined($symbol_map->{$shortpc})) { + $fullnames = $symbol_map->{$shortpc}; + } else { + $fullnames = "0x" . $pc; # Just use addresses + } + my $sym = []; + $symbols->{$pc} = $sym; + foreach my $fullname (split("--", $fullnames)) { + my $name = ShortFunctionName($fullname); + push(@{$sym}, $name, "?", $fullname); + } + } + return $symbols; +} + +sub BaseName { + my $file_name = shift; + $file_name =~ s!^.*/!!; # Remove directory name + return $file_name; +} + +sub MakeProfileBaseName { + my ($binary_name, $profile_name) = @_; + my ($host, $port, $path) = ParseProfileURL($profile_name); + my $binary_shortname = BaseName($binary_name); + return sprintf("%s.%s.%s-port%s", + $binary_shortname, $main::op_time, $host, $port); +} + +sub FetchDynamicProfile { + my $binary_name = shift; + my $profile_name = shift; + my $fetch_name_only = shift; + my $encourage_patience = shift; + + if (!IsProfileURL($profile_name)) { + return $profile_name; + } else { + my ($host, $port, $path) = ParseProfileURL($profile_name); + if ($path eq "" || $path eq "/") { + # Missing type specifier defaults to cpu-profile + $path = $PROFILE_PAGE; + } + + my $profile_file = MakeProfileBaseName($binary_name, $profile_name); + + my $url; + my $wget_timeout; + if (($path =~ m/$PROFILE_PAGE/) || ($path =~ m/$PMUPROFILE_PAGE/)) { + if ($path =~ m/$PROFILE_PAGE/) { + $url = sprintf("http://$host:$port$path?seconds=%d", + $main::opt_seconds); + } else { + if ($profile_name =~ m/[?]/) { + $profile_name .= "&" + } else { + $profile_name .= "?" + } + $url = sprintf("http://$profile_name" . "seconds=%d", + $main::opt_seconds); + } + $wget_timeout = sprintf("--timeout=%d", + int($main::opt_seconds * 1.01 + 60)); + } else { + # For non-CPU profiles, we add a type-extension to + # the target profile file name. + my $suffix = $path; + $suffix =~ s,/,.,g; + $profile_file .= "$suffix"; + $url = "http://$host:$port$path"; + $wget_timeout = ""; + } + + my $profile_dir = $ENV{"PPROF_TMPDIR"} || ($ENV{HOME} . "/pprof"); + if (!(-d $profile_dir)) { + mkdir($profile_dir) + || die("Unable to create profile directory $profile_dir: $!\n"); + } + my $tmp_profile = "$profile_dir/.tmp.$profile_file"; + my $real_profile = "$profile_dir/$profile_file"; + + if ($fetch_name_only > 0) { + return $real_profile; + } + + my $cmd = "$WGET $WGET_FLAGS $wget_timeout -q -O $tmp_profile '$url'"; + if (($path =~ m/$PROFILE_PAGE/) || ($path =~ m/$PMUPROFILE_PAGE/)){ + print STDERR "Gathering CPU profile from $url for $main::opt_seconds seconds to\n ${real_profile}\n"; + if ($encourage_patience) { + print STDERR "Be patient...\n"; + } + } else { + print STDERR "Fetching $path profile from $host:$port to\n ${real_profile}\n"; + } + + (system($cmd) == 0) || error("Failed to get profile: $cmd: $!\n"); + (system("mv $tmp_profile $real_profile") == 0) || error("Unable to rename profile\n"); + print STDERR "Wrote profile to $real_profile\n"; + $main::collected_profile = $real_profile; + return $main::collected_profile; + } +} + +# Collect profiles in parallel +sub FetchDynamicProfiles { + my $items = scalar(@main::pfile_args); + my $levels = log($items) / log(2); + + if ($items == 1) { + $main::profile_files[0] = FetchDynamicProfile($main::prog, $main::pfile_args[0], 0, 1); + } else { + # math rounding issues + if ((2 ** $levels) < $items) { + $levels++; + } + my $count = scalar(@main::pfile_args); + for (my $i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) { + $main::profile_files[$i] = FetchDynamicProfile($main::prog, $main::pfile_args[$i], 1, 0); + } + print STDERR "Fetching $count profiles, Be patient...\n"; + FetchDynamicProfilesRecurse($levels, 0, 0); + $main::collected_profile = join(" \\\n ", @main::profile_files); + } +} + +# Recursively fork a process to get enough processes +# collecting profiles +sub FetchDynamicProfilesRecurse { + my $maxlevel = shift; + my $level = shift; + my $position = shift; + + if (my $pid = fork()) { + $position = 0 | ($position << 1); + TryCollectProfile($maxlevel, $level, $position); + wait; + } else { + $position = 1 | ($position << 1); + TryCollectProfile($maxlevel, $level, $position); + exit(0); + } +} + +# Collect a single profile +sub TryCollectProfile { + my $maxlevel = shift; + my $level = shift; + my $position = shift; + + if ($level >= ($maxlevel - 1)) { + if ($position < scalar(@main::pfile_args)) { + FetchDynamicProfile($main::prog, $main::pfile_args[$position], 0, 0); + } + } else { + FetchDynamicProfilesRecurse($maxlevel, $level+1, $position); + } +} + +##### Parsing code ##### + +# Provide a small streaming-read module to handle very large +# cpu-profile files. Stream in chunks along a sliding window. +# Provides an interface to get one 'slot', correctly handling +# endian-ness differences. A slot is one 32-bit or 64-bit word +# (depending on the input profile). We tell endianness and bit-size +# for the profile by looking at the first 8 bytes: in cpu profiles, +# the second slot is always 3 (we'll accept anything that's not 0). +BEGIN { + package CpuProfileStream; + + sub new { + my ($class, $file, $fname) = @_; + my $self = { file => $file, + base => 0, + stride => 512 * 1024, # must be a multiple of bitsize/8 + slots => [], + unpack_code => "", # N for big-endian, V for little + }; + bless $self, $class; + # Let unittests adjust the stride + if ($main::opt_test_stride > 0) { + $self->{stride} = $main::opt_test_stride; + } + # Read the first two slots to figure out bitsize and endianness. + my $slots = $self->{slots}; + my $str; + read($self->{file}, $str, 8); + # Set the global $address_length based on what we see here. + # 8 is 32-bit (8 hexadecimal chars); 16 is 64-bit (16 hexadecimal chars). + $address_length = ($str eq (chr(0)x8)) ? 16 : 8; + if ($address_length == 8) { + if (substr($str, 6, 2) eq chr(0)x2) { + $self->{unpack_code} = 'V'; # Little-endian. + } elsif (substr($str, 4, 2) eq chr(0)x2) { + $self->{unpack_code} = 'N'; # Big-endian + } else { + ::error("$fname: header size >= 2**16\n"); + } + @$slots = unpack($self->{unpack_code} . "*", $str); + } else { + # If we're a 64-bit profile, make sure we're a 64-bit-capable + # perl. Otherwise, each slot will be represented as a float + # instead of an int64, losing precision and making all the + # 64-bit addresses right. We *could* try to handle this with + # software emulation of 64-bit ints, but that's added complexity + # for no clear benefit (yet). We use 'Q' to test for 64-bit-ness; + # perl docs say it's only available on 64-bit perl systems. + my $has_q = 0; + eval { $has_q = pack("Q", "1") ? 1 : 1; }; + if (!$has_q) { + ::error("$fname: need a 64-bit perl to process this 64-bit profile.\n"); + } + read($self->{file}, $str, 8); + if (substr($str, 4, 4) eq chr(0)x4) { + # We'd love to use 'Q', but it's a) not universal, b) not endian-proof. + $self->{unpack_code} = 'V'; # Little-endian. + } elsif (substr($str, 0, 4) eq chr(0)x4) { + $self->{unpack_code} = 'N'; # Big-endian + } else { + ::error("$fname: header size >= 2**32\n"); + } + my @pair = unpack($self->{unpack_code} . "*", $str); + # Since we know one of the pair is 0, it's fine to just add them. + @$slots = (0, $pair[0] + $pair[1]); + } + return $self; + } + + # Load more data when we access slots->get(X) which is not yet in memory. + sub overflow { + my ($self) = @_; + my $slots = $self->{slots}; + $self->{base} += $#$slots + 1; # skip over data we're replacing + my $str; + read($self->{file}, $str, $self->{stride}); + if ($address_length == 8) { # the 32-bit case + # This is the easy case: unpack provides 32-bit unpacking primitives. + @$slots = unpack($self->{unpack_code} . "*", $str); + } else { + # We need to unpack 32 bits at a time and combine. + my @b32_values = unpack($self->{unpack_code} . "*", $str); + my @b64_values = (); + for (my $i = 0; $i < $#b32_values; $i += 2) { + # TODO(csilvers): if this is a 32-bit perl, the math below + # could end up in a too-large int, which perl will promote + # to a double, losing necessary precision. Deal with that. + if ($self->{unpack_code} eq 'V') { # little-endian + push(@b64_values, $b32_values[$i] + $b32_values[$i+1] * (2**32)); + } else { + push(@b64_values, $b32_values[$i] * (2**32) + $b32_values[$i+1]); + } + } + @$slots = @b64_values; + } + } + + # Access the i-th long in the file (logically), or -1 at EOF. + sub get { + my ($self, $idx) = @_; + my $slots = $self->{slots}; + while ($#$slots >= 0) { + if ($idx < $self->{base}) { + # The only time we expect a reference to $slots[$i - something] + # after referencing $slots[$i] is reading the very first header. + # Since $stride > |header|, that shouldn't cause any lookback + # errors. And everything after the header is sequential. + print STDERR "Unexpected look-back reading CPU profile"; + return -1; # shrug, don't know what better to return + } elsif ($idx > $self->{base} + $#$slots) { + $self->overflow(); + } else { + return $slots->[$idx - $self->{base}]; + } + } + # If we get here, $slots is [], which means we've reached EOF + return -1; # unique since slots is supposed to hold unsigned numbers + } +} + +# Parse profile generated by common/profiler.cc and return a reference +# to a map: +# $result->{version} Version number of profile file +# $result->{period} Sampling period (in microseconds) +# $result->{profile} Profile object +# $result->{map} Memory map info from profile +# $result->{pcs} Hash of all PC values seen, key is hex address +sub ReadProfile { + my $prog = shift; + my $fname = shift; + + if (IsSymbolizedProfileFile($fname) && !$main::use_symbolized_profile) { + # we have both a binary and symbolized profiles, abort + usage("Symbolized profile '$fname' cannot be used with a binary arg. " . + "Try again without passing '$prog'."); + } + + $main::profile_type = ''; + + $CONTENTION_PAGE =~ m,[^/]+$,; # matches everything after the last slash + my $contention_marker = $&; + $GROWTH_PAGE =~ m,[^/]+$,; # matches everything after the last slash + my $growth_marker = $&; + $SYMBOL_PAGE =~ m,[^/]+$,; # matches everything after the last slash + my $symbol_marker = $&; + $PROFILE_PAGE =~ m,[^/]+$,; # matches everything after the last slash + my $profile_marker = $&; + + # Look at first line to see if it is a heap or a CPU profile. + # CPU profile may start with no header at all, and just binary data + # (starting with \0\0\0\0) -- in that case, don't try to read the + # whole firstline, since it may be gigabytes(!) of data. + open(PROFILE, "<$fname") || error("$fname: $!\n"); + binmode PROFILE; # New perls do UTF-8 processing + my $firstchar = ""; + my $header = ""; + read(PROFILE, $firstchar, 1); + seek(PROFILE, -1, 1); # unread the firstchar + if ($firstchar ne "\0") { + $header = ; + $header =~ s/\r//g; # turn windows-looking lines into unix-looking lines + } + + my $symbols; + if ($header =~ m/^--- *$symbol_marker/o) { + # read the symbol section of the symbolized profile file + $symbols = ReadSymbols(*PROFILE{IO}); + + # read the next line to get the header for the remaining profile + $header = ""; + read(PROFILE, $firstchar, 1); + seek(PROFILE, -1, 1); # unread the firstchar + if ($firstchar ne "\0") { + $header = ; + $header =~ s/\r//g; + } + } + + my $result; + + if ($header =~ m/^heap profile:.*$growth_marker/o) { + $main::profile_type = 'growth'; + $result = ReadHeapProfile($prog, $fname, $header); + } elsif ($header =~ m/^heap profile:/) { + $main::profile_type = 'heap'; + $result = ReadHeapProfile($prog, $fname, $header); + } elsif ($header =~ m/^--- *$contention_marker/o) { + $main::profile_type = 'contention'; + $result = ReadSynchProfile($prog, $fname); + } elsif ($header =~ m/^--- *Stacks:/) { + print STDERR + "Old format contention profile: mistakenly reports " . + "condition variable signals as lock contentions.\n"; + $main::profile_type = 'contention'; + $result = ReadSynchProfile($prog, $fname); + } elsif ($header =~ m/^--- *$profile_marker/) { + # the binary cpu profile data starts immediately after this line + $main::profile_type = 'cpu'; + $result = ReadCPUProfile($prog, $fname); + } else { + if (defined($symbols)) { + # a symbolized profile contains a format we don't recognize, bail out + error("$fname: Cannot recognize profile section after symbols.\n"); + } + # no ascii header present -- must be a CPU profile + $main::profile_type = 'cpu'; + $result = ReadCPUProfile($prog, $fname); + } + + # if we got symbols along with the profile, return those as well + if (defined($symbols)) { + $result->{symbols} = $symbols; + } + + return $result; +} + +# Subtract one from caller pc so we map back to call instr. +# However, don't do this if we're reading a symbolized profile +# file, in which case the subtract-one was done when the file +# was written. +# +# We apply the same logic to all readers, though ReadCPUProfile uses an +# independent implementation. +sub FixCallerAddresses { + my $stack = shift; + if ($main::use_symbolized_profile) { + return $stack; + } else { + $stack =~ /(\s)/; + my $delimiter = $1; + my @addrs = split(' ', $stack); + my @fixedaddrs; + $#fixedaddrs = $#addrs; + if ($#addrs >= 0) { + $fixedaddrs[0] = $addrs[0]; + } + for (my $i = 1; $i <= $#addrs; $i++) { + $fixedaddrs[$i] = AddressSub($addrs[$i], "0x1"); + } + return join $delimiter, @fixedaddrs; + } +} + +# CPU profile reader +sub ReadCPUProfile { + my $prog = shift; + my $fname = shift; + my $version; + my $period; + my $i; + my $profile = {}; + my $pcs = {}; + + # Parse string into array of slots. + my $slots = CpuProfileStream->new(*PROFILE, $fname); + + # Read header. The current header version is a 5-element structure + # containing: + # 0: header count (always 0) + # 1: header "words" (after this one: 3) + # 2: format version (0) + # 3: sampling period (usec) + # 4: unused padding (always 0) + if ($slots->get(0) != 0 ) { + error("$fname: not a profile file, or old format profile file\n"); + } + $i = 2 + $slots->get(1); + $version = $slots->get(2); + $period = $slots->get(3); + # Do some sanity checking on these header values. + if ($version > (2**32) || $period > (2**32) || $i > (2**32) || $i < 5) { + error("$fname: not a profile file, or corrupted profile file\n"); + } + + # Parse profile + while ($slots->get($i) != -1) { + my $n = $slots->get($i++); + my $d = $slots->get($i++); + if ($d > (2**16)) { # TODO(csilvers): what's a reasonable max-stack-depth? + my $addr = sprintf("0%o", $i * ($address_length == 8 ? 4 : 8)); + print STDERR "At index $i (address $addr):\n"; + error("$fname: stack trace depth >= 2**32\n"); + } + if ($slots->get($i) == 0) { + # End of profile data marker + $i += $d; + last; + } + + # Make key out of the stack entries + my @k = (); + for (my $j = 0; $j < $d; $j++) { + my $pc = $slots->get($i+$j); + # Subtract one from caller pc so we map back to call instr. + # However, don't do this if we're reading a symbolized profile + # file, in which case the subtract-one was done when the file + # was written. + if ($j > 0 && !$main::use_symbolized_profile) { + $pc--; + } + $pc = sprintf("%0*x", $address_length, $pc); + $pcs->{$pc} = 1; + push @k, $pc; + } + + AddEntry($profile, (join "\n", @k), $n); + $i += $d; + } + + # Parse map + my $map = ''; + seek(PROFILE, $i * 4, 0); + read(PROFILE, $map, (stat PROFILE)[7]); + close(PROFILE); + + my $r = {}; + $r->{version} = $version; + $r->{period} = $period; + $r->{profile} = $profile; + $r->{libs} = ParseLibraries($prog, $map, $pcs); + $r->{pcs} = $pcs; + + return $r; +} + +sub ReadHeapProfile { + my $prog = shift; + my $fname = shift; + my $header = shift; + + my $index = 1; + if ($main::opt_inuse_space) { + $index = 1; + } elsif ($main::opt_inuse_objects) { + $index = 0; + } elsif ($main::opt_alloc_space) { + $index = 3; + } elsif ($main::opt_alloc_objects) { + $index = 2; + } + + # Find the type of this profile. The header line looks like: + # heap profile: 1246: 8800744 [ 1246: 8800744] @ /266053 + # There are two pairs , the first inuse objects/space, and the + # second allocated objects/space. This is followed optionally by a profile + # type, and if that is present, optionally by a sampling frequency. + # For remote heap profiles (v1): + # The interpretation of the sampling frequency is that the profiler, for + # each sample, calculates a uniformly distributed random integer less than + # the given value, and records the next sample after that many bytes have + # been allocated. Therefore, the expected sample interval is half of the + # given frequency. By default, if not specified, the expected sample + # interval is 128KB. Only remote-heap-page profiles are adjusted for + # sample size. + # For remote heap profiles (v2): + # The sampling frequency is the rate of a Poisson process. This means that + # the probability of sampling an allocation of size X with sampling rate Y + # is 1 - exp(-X/Y) + # For version 2, a typical header line might look like this: + # heap profile: 1922: 127792360 [ 1922: 127792360] @ _v2/524288 + # the trailing number (524288) is the sampling rate. (Version 1 showed + # double the 'rate' here) + my $sampling_algorithm = 0; + my $sample_adjustment = 0; + chomp($header); + my $type = "unknown"; + if ($header =~ m"^heap profile:\s*(\d+):\s+(\d+)\s+\[\s*(\d+):\s+(\d+)\](\s*@\s*([^/]*)(/(\d+))?)?") { + if (defined($6) && ($6 ne '')) { + $type = $6; + my $sample_period = $8; + # $type is "heapprofile" for profiles generated by the + # heap-profiler, and either "heap" or "heap_v2" for profiles + # generated by sampling directly within tcmalloc. It can also + # be "growth" for heap-growth profiles. The first is typically + # found for profiles generated locally, and the others for + # remote profiles. + if (($type eq "heapprofile") || ($type !~ /heap/) ) { + # No need to adjust for the sampling rate with heap-profiler-derived data + $sampling_algorithm = 0; + } elsif ($type =~ /_v2/) { + $sampling_algorithm = 2; # version 2 sampling + if (defined($sample_period) && ($sample_period ne '')) { + $sample_adjustment = int($sample_period); + } + } else { + $sampling_algorithm = 1; # version 1 sampling + if (defined($sample_period) && ($sample_period ne '')) { + $sample_adjustment = int($sample_period)/2; + } + } + } else { + # We detect whether or not this is a remote-heap profile by checking + # that the total-allocated stats ($n2,$s2) are exactly the + # same as the in-use stats ($n1,$s1). It is remotely conceivable + # that a non-remote-heap profile may pass this check, but it is hard + # to imagine how that could happen. + # In this case it's so old it's guaranteed to be remote-heap version 1. + my ($n1, $s1, $n2, $s2) = ($1, $2, $3, $4); + if (($n1 == $n2) && ($s1 == $s2)) { + # This is likely to be a remote-heap based sample profile + $sampling_algorithm = 1; + } + } + } + + if ($sampling_algorithm > 0) { + # For remote-heap generated profiles, adjust the counts and sizes to + # account for the sample rate (we sample once every 128KB by default). + if ($sample_adjustment == 0) { + # Turn on profile adjustment. + $sample_adjustment = 128*1024; + print STDERR "Adjusting heap profiles for 1-in-128KB sampling rate\n"; + } else { + printf STDERR ("Adjusting heap profiles for 1-in-%d sampling rate\n", + $sample_adjustment); + } + if ($sampling_algorithm > 1) { + # We don't bother printing anything for the original version (version 1) + printf STDERR "Heap version $sampling_algorithm\n"; + } + } + + my $profile = {}; + my $pcs = {}; + my $map = ""; + + while () { + s/\r//g; # turn windows-looking lines into unix-looking lines + if (/^MAPPED_LIBRARIES:/) { + # Read the /proc/self/maps data + while () { + s/\r//g; # turn windows-looking lines into unix-looking lines + $map .= $_; + } + last; + } + + if (/^--- Memory map:/) { + # Read /proc/self/maps data as formatted by DumpAddressMap() + my $buildvar = ""; + while () { + s/\r//g; # turn windows-looking lines into unix-looking lines + # Parse "build=" specification if supplied + if (m/^\s*build=(.*)\n/) { + $buildvar = $1; + } + + # Expand "$build" variable if available + $_ =~ s/\$build\b/$buildvar/g; + + $map .= $_; + } + last; + } + + # Read entry of the form: + # : [: ] @ a1 a2 a3 ... an + s/^\s*//; + s/\s*$//; + if (m/^\s*(\d+):\s+(\d+)\s+\[\s*(\d+):\s+(\d+)\]\s+@\s+(.*)$/) { + my $stack = $5; + my ($n1, $s1, $n2, $s2) = ($1, $2, $3, $4); + + if ($sample_adjustment) { + if ($sampling_algorithm == 2) { + # Remote-heap version 2 + # The sampling frequency is the rate of a Poisson process. + # This means that the probability of sampling an allocation of + # size X with sampling rate Y is 1 - exp(-X/Y) + if ($n1 != 0) { + my $ratio; + $ratio = (($s1*1.0)/$n1)/($sample_adjustment); + my $scale_factor; + $scale_factor = 1/(1 - exp(-$ratio)); + $n1 *= $scale_factor; + $s1 *= $scale_factor; + } + if ($n2 != 0) { + my $ratio; + $ratio = (($s2*1.0)/$n2)/($sample_adjustment); + my $scale_factor; + $scale_factor = 1/(1 - exp(-$ratio)); + $n2 *= $scale_factor; + $s2 *= $scale_factor; + } + } else { + # Remote-heap version 1 + my $ratio; + $ratio = (($s1*1.0)/$n1)/($sample_adjustment); + if ($ratio < 1) { + $n1 /= $ratio; + $s1 /= $ratio; + } + $ratio = (($s2*1.0)/$n2)/($sample_adjustment); + if ($ratio < 1) { + $n2 /= $ratio; + $s2 /= $ratio; + } + } + } + + my @counts = ($n1, $s1, $n2, $s2); + AddEntries($profile, $pcs, FixCallerAddresses($stack), $counts[$index]); + } + } + + my $r = {}; + $r->{version} = "heap"; + $r->{period} = 1; + $r->{profile} = $profile; + $r->{libs} = ParseLibraries($prog, $map, $pcs); + $r->{pcs} = $pcs; + return $r; +} + +sub ReadSynchProfile { + my ($prog, $fname, $header) = @_; + + my $map = ''; + my $profile = {}; + my $pcs = {}; + my $sampling_period = 1; + my $cyclespernanosec = 2.8; # Default assumption for old binaries + my $seen_clockrate = 0; + my $line; + + my $index = 0; + if ($main::opt_total_delay) { + $index = 0; + } elsif ($main::opt_contentions) { + $index = 1; + } elsif ($main::opt_mean_delay) { + $index = 2; + } + + while ( $line = ) { + $line =~ s/\r//g; # turn windows-looking lines into unix-looking lines + if ( $line =~ /^\s*(\d+)\s+(\d+) \@\s*(.*?)\s*$/ ) { + my ($cycles, $count, $stack) = ($1, $2, $3); + + # Convert cycles to nanoseconds + $cycles /= $cyclespernanosec; + + # Adjust for sampling done by application + $cycles *= $sampling_period; + $count *= $sampling_period; + + my @values = ($cycles, $count, $cycles / $count); + AddEntries($profile, $pcs, FixCallerAddresses($stack), $values[$index]); + + } elsif ( $line =~ /^(slow release).*thread \d+ \@\s*(.*?)\s*$/ || + $line =~ /^\s*(\d+) \@\s*(.*?)\s*$/ ) { + my ($cycles, $stack) = ($1, $2); + if ($cycles !~ /^\d+$/) { + next; + } + + # Convert cycles to nanoseconds + $cycles /= $cyclespernanosec; + + # Adjust for sampling done by application + $cycles *= $sampling_period; + + AddEntries($profile, $pcs, FixCallerAddresses($stack), $cycles); + + } elsif ( $line =~ m/^([a-z][^=]*)=(.*)$/ ) { + my ($variable, $value) = ($1,$2); + for ($variable, $value) { + s/^\s+//; + s/\s+$//; + } + if ($variable eq "cycles/second") { + $cyclespernanosec = $value / 1e9; + $seen_clockrate = 1; + } elsif ($variable eq "sampling period") { + $sampling_period = $value; + } elsif ($variable eq "ms since reset") { + # Currently nothing is done with this value in pprof + # So we just silently ignore it for now + } elsif ($variable eq "discarded samples") { + # Currently nothing is done with this value in pprof + # So we just silently ignore it for now + } else { + printf STDERR ("Ignoring unnknown variable in /contention output: " . + "'%s' = '%s'\n",$variable,$value); + } + } else { + # Memory map entry + $map .= $line; + } + } + close PROFILE; + + if (!$seen_clockrate) { + printf STDERR ("No cycles/second entry in profile; Guessing %.1f GHz\n", + $cyclespernanosec); + } + + my $r = {}; + $r->{version} = 0; + $r->{period} = $sampling_period; + $r->{profile} = $profile; + $r->{libs} = ParseLibraries($prog, $map, $pcs); + $r->{pcs} = $pcs; + return $r; +} + +# Given a hex value in the form "0x1abcd" return "0001abcd" or +# "000000000001abcd", depending on the current address length. +# There's probably a more idiomatic (or faster) way to do this... +sub HexExtend { + my $addr = shift; + + $addr =~ s/^0x//; + + if (length $addr > $address_length) { + printf STDERR "Warning: address $addr is longer than address length $address_length\n"; + } + + return substr("000000000000000".$addr, -$address_length); +} + +##### Symbol extraction ##### + +# Aggressively search the lib_prefix values for the given library +# If all else fails, just return the name of the library unmodified. +# If the lib_prefix is "/my/path,/other/path" and $file is "/lib/dir/mylib.so" +# it will search the following locations in this order, until it finds a file: +# /my/path/lib/dir/mylib.so +# /other/path/lib/dir/mylib.so +# /my/path/dir/mylib.so +# /other/path/dir/mylib.so +# /my/path/mylib.so +# /other/path/mylib.so +# /lib/dir/mylib.so (returned as last resort) +sub FindLibrary { + my $file = shift; + my $suffix = $file; + + # Search for the library as described above + do { + foreach my $prefix (@prefix_list) { + my $fullpath = $prefix . $suffix; + if (-e $fullpath) { + return $fullpath; + } + } + } while ($suffix =~ s|^/[^/]+/|/|); + return $file; +} + +# Return path to library with debugging symbols. +# For libc libraries, the copy in /usr/lib/debug contains debugging symbols +sub DebuggingLibrary { + my $file = shift; + if ($file =~ m|^/| && -f "/usr/lib/debug$file") { + return "/usr/lib/debug$file"; + } + return undef; +} + +# Parse text section header of a library using objdump +sub ParseTextSectionHeaderFromObjdump { + my $lib = shift; + + my $size = undef; + my $vma; + my $file_offset; + # Get objdump output from the library file to figure out how to + # map between mapped addresses and addresses in the library. + my $objdump = $obj_tool_map{"objdump"}; + open(OBJDUMP, "$objdump -h $lib |") + || error("$objdump $lib: $!\n"); + while () { + s/\r//g; # turn windows-looking lines into unix-looking lines + # Idx Name Size VMA LMA File off Algn + # 10 .text 00104b2c 420156f0 420156f0 000156f0 2**4 + # For 64-bit objects, VMA and LMA will be 16 hex digits, size and file + # offset may still be 8. But AddressSub below will still handle that. + my @x = split; + if (($#x >= 6) && ($x[1] eq '.text')) { + $size = $x[2]; + $vma = $x[3]; + $file_offset = $x[5]; + last; + } + } + close(OBJDUMP); + + if (!defined($size)) { + return undef; + } + + my $r = {}; + $r->{size} = $size; + $r->{vma} = $vma; + $r->{file_offset} = $file_offset; + + return $r; +} + +# Parse text section header of a library using otool (on OS X) +sub ParseTextSectionHeaderFromOtool { + my $lib = shift; + + my $size = undef; + my $vma = undef; + my $file_offset = undef; + # Get otool output from the library file to figure out how to + # map between mapped addresses and addresses in the library. + my $otool = $obj_tool_map{"otool"}; + open(OTOOL, "$otool -l $lib |") + || error("$otool $lib: $!\n"); + my $cmd = ""; + my $sectname = ""; + my $segname = ""; + foreach my $line () { + $line =~ s/\r//g; # turn windows-looking lines into unix-looking lines + # Load command <#> + # cmd LC_SEGMENT + # [...] + # Section + # sectname __text + # segname __TEXT + # addr 0x000009f8 + # size 0x00018b9e + # offset 2552 + # align 2^2 (4) + # We will need to strip off the leading 0x from the hex addresses, + # and convert the offset into hex. + if ($line =~ /Load command/) { + $cmd = ""; + $sectname = ""; + $segname = ""; + } elsif ($line =~ /Section/) { + $sectname = ""; + $segname = ""; + } elsif ($line =~ /cmd (\w+)/) { + $cmd = $1; + } elsif ($line =~ /sectname (\w+)/) { + $sectname = $1; + } elsif ($line =~ /segname (\w+)/) { + $segname = $1; + } elsif (!(($cmd eq "LC_SEGMENT" || $cmd eq "LC_SEGMENT_64") && + $sectname eq "__text" && + $segname eq "__TEXT")) { + next; + } elsif ($line =~ /\baddr 0x([0-9a-fA-F]+)/) { + $vma = $1; + } elsif ($line =~ /\bsize 0x([0-9a-fA-F]+)/) { + $size = $1; + } elsif ($line =~ /\boffset ([0-9]+)/) { + $file_offset = sprintf("%016x", $1); + } + if (defined($vma) && defined($size) && defined($file_offset)) { + last; + } + } + close(OTOOL); + + if (!defined($vma) || !defined($size) || !defined($file_offset)) { + return undef; + } + + my $r = {}; + $r->{size} = $size; + $r->{vma} = $vma; + $r->{file_offset} = $file_offset; + + return $r; +} + +sub ParseTextSectionHeader { + # obj_tool_map("otool") is only defined if we're in a Mach-O environment + if (defined($obj_tool_map{"otool"})) { + my $r = ParseTextSectionHeaderFromOtool(@_); + if (defined($r)){ + return $r; + } + } + # If otool doesn't work, or we don't have it, fall back to objdump + return ParseTextSectionHeaderFromObjdump(@_); +} + +# Split /proc/pid/maps dump into a list of libraries +sub ParseLibraries { + return if $main::use_symbol_page; # We don't need libraries info. + my $prog = shift; + my $map = shift; + my $pcs = shift; + + my $result = []; + my $h = "[a-f0-9]+"; + my $zero_offset = HexExtend("0"); + + my $buildvar = ""; + foreach my $l (split("\n", $map)) { + if ($l =~ m/^\s*build=(.*)$/) { + $buildvar = $1; + } + + my $start; + my $finish; + my $offset; + my $lib; + if ($l =~ /^($h)-($h)\s+..x.\s+($h)\s+\S+:\S+\s+\d+\s+(\S+\.(so|dll|dylib|bundle)((\.\d+)+\w*(\.\d+){0,3})?)$/i) { + # Full line from /proc/self/maps. Example: + # 40000000-40015000 r-xp 00000000 03:01 12845071 /lib/ld-2.3.2.so + $start = HexExtend($1); + $finish = HexExtend($2); + $offset = HexExtend($3); + $lib = $4; + $lib =~ s|\\|/|g; # turn windows-style paths into unix-style paths + } elsif ($l =~ /^\s*($h)-($h):\s*(\S+\.so(\.\d+)*)/) { + # Cooked line from DumpAddressMap. Example: + # 40000000-40015000: /lib/ld-2.3.2.so + $start = HexExtend($1); + $finish = HexExtend($2); + $offset = $zero_offset; + $lib = $3; + } else { + next; + } + + # Expand "$build" variable if available + $lib =~ s/\$build\b/$buildvar/g; + + $lib = FindLibrary($lib); + + # Check for pre-relocated libraries, which use pre-relocated symbol tables + # and thus require adjusting the offset that we'll use to translate + # VM addresses into symbol table addresses. + # Only do this if we're not going to fetch the symbol table from a + # debugging copy of the library. + if (!DebuggingLibrary($lib)) { + my $text = ParseTextSectionHeader($lib); + if (defined($text)) { + my $vma_offset = AddressSub($text->{vma}, $text->{file_offset}); + $offset = AddressAdd($offset, $vma_offset); + } + } + + push(@{$result}, [$lib, $start, $finish, $offset]); + } + + # Append special entry for additional library (not relocated) + if ($main::opt_lib ne "") { + my $text = ParseTextSectionHeader($main::opt_lib); + if (defined($text)) { + my $start = $text->{vma}; + my $finish = AddressAdd($start, $text->{size}); + + push(@{$result}, [$main::opt_lib, $start, $finish, $start]); + } + } + + # Append special entry for the main program. This covers + # 0..max_pc_value_seen, so that we assume pc values not found in one + # of the library ranges will be treated as coming from the main + # program binary. + my $min_pc = HexExtend("0"); + my $max_pc = $min_pc; # find the maximal PC value in any sample + foreach my $pc (keys(%{$pcs})) { + if (HexExtend($pc) gt $max_pc) { $max_pc = HexExtend($pc); } + } + push(@{$result}, [$prog, $min_pc, $max_pc, $zero_offset]); + + return $result; +} + +# Add two hex addresses of length $address_length. +# Run pprof --test for unit test if this is changed. +sub AddressAdd { + my $addr1 = shift; + my $addr2 = shift; + my $sum; + + if ($address_length == 8) { + # Perl doesn't cope with wraparound arithmetic, so do it explicitly: + $sum = (hex($addr1)+hex($addr2)) % (0x10000000 * 16); + return sprintf("%08x", $sum); + + } else { + # Do the addition in 7-nibble chunks to trivialize carry handling. + + if ($main::opt_debug and $main::opt_test) { + print STDERR "AddressAdd $addr1 + $addr2 = "; + } + + my $a1 = substr($addr1,-7); + $addr1 = substr($addr1,0,-7); + my $a2 = substr($addr2,-7); + $addr2 = substr($addr2,0,-7); + $sum = hex($a1) + hex($a2); + my $c = 0; + if ($sum > 0xfffffff) { + $c = 1; + $sum -= 0x10000000; + } + my $r = sprintf("%07x", $sum); + + $a1 = substr($addr1,-7); + $addr1 = substr($addr1,0,-7); + $a2 = substr($addr2,-7); + $addr2 = substr($addr2,0,-7); + $sum = hex($a1) + hex($a2) + $c; + $c = 0; + if ($sum > 0xfffffff) { + $c = 1; + $sum -= 0x10000000; + } + $r = sprintf("%07x", $sum) . $r; + + $sum = hex($addr1) + hex($addr2) + $c; + if ($sum > 0xff) { $sum -= 0x100; } + $r = sprintf("%02x", $sum) . $r; + + if ($main::opt_debug and $main::opt_test) { print STDERR "$r\n"; } + + return $r; + } +} + + +# Subtract two hex addresses of length $address_length. +# Run pprof --test for unit test if this is changed. +sub AddressSub { + my $addr1 = shift; + my $addr2 = shift; + my $diff; + + if ($address_length == 8) { + # Perl doesn't cope with wraparound arithmetic, so do it explicitly: + $diff = (hex($addr1)-hex($addr2)) % (0x10000000 * 16); + return sprintf("%08x", $diff); + + } else { + # Do the addition in 7-nibble chunks to trivialize borrow handling. + # if ($main::opt_debug) { print STDERR "AddressSub $addr1 - $addr2 = "; } + + my $a1 = hex(substr($addr1,-7)); + $addr1 = substr($addr1,0,-7); + my $a2 = hex(substr($addr2,-7)); + $addr2 = substr($addr2,0,-7); + my $b = 0; + if ($a2 > $a1) { + $b = 1; + $a1 += 0x10000000; + } + $diff = $a1 - $a2; + my $r = sprintf("%07x", $diff); + + $a1 = hex(substr($addr1,-7)); + $addr1 = substr($addr1,0,-7); + $a2 = hex(substr($addr2,-7)) + $b; + $addr2 = substr($addr2,0,-7); + $b = 0; + if ($a2 > $a1) { + $b = 1; + $a1 += 0x10000000; + } + $diff = $a1 - $a2; + $r = sprintf("%07x", $diff) . $r; + + $a1 = hex($addr1); + $a2 = hex($addr2) + $b; + if ($a2 > $a1) { $a1 += 0x100; } + $diff = $a1 - $a2; + $r = sprintf("%02x", $diff) . $r; + + # if ($main::opt_debug) { print STDERR "$r\n"; } + + return $r; + } +} + +# Increment a hex addresses of length $address_length. +# Run pprof --test for unit test if this is changed. +sub AddressInc { + my $addr = shift; + my $sum; + + if ($address_length == 8) { + # Perl doesn't cope with wraparound arithmetic, so do it explicitly: + $sum = (hex($addr)+1) % (0x10000000 * 16); + return sprintf("%08x", $sum); + + } else { + # Do the addition in 7-nibble chunks to trivialize carry handling. + # We are always doing this to step through the addresses in a function, + # and will almost never overflow the first chunk, so we check for this + # case and exit early. + + # if ($main::opt_debug) { print STDERR "AddressInc $addr1 = "; } + + my $a1 = substr($addr,-7); + $addr = substr($addr,0,-7); + $sum = hex($a1) + 1; + my $r = sprintf("%07x", $sum); + if ($sum <= 0xfffffff) { + $r = $addr . $r; + # if ($main::opt_debug) { print STDERR "$r\n"; } + return HexExtend($r); + } else { + $r = "0000000"; + } + + $a1 = substr($addr,-7); + $addr = substr($addr,0,-7); + $sum = hex($a1) + 1; + $r = sprintf("%07x", $sum) . $r; + if ($sum <= 0xfffffff) { + $r = $addr . $r; + # if ($main::opt_debug) { print STDERR "$r\n"; } + return HexExtend($r); + } else { + $r = "00000000000000"; + } + + $sum = hex($addr) + 1; + if ($sum > 0xff) { $sum -= 0x100; } + $r = sprintf("%02x", $sum) . $r; + + # if ($main::opt_debug) { print STDERR "$r\n"; } + return $r; + } +} + +# Extract symbols for all PC values found in profile +sub ExtractSymbols { + my $libs = shift; + my $pcset = shift; + + my $symbols = {}; + + # Map each PC value to the containing library + my %seen = (); + foreach my $lib (@{$libs}) { + my $libname = $lib->[0]; + my $start = $lib->[1]; + my $finish = $lib->[2]; + my $offset = $lib->[3]; + + # Get list of pcs that belong in this library. + my $contained = []; + foreach my $pc (keys(%{$pcset})) { + if (!$seen{$pc} && ($pc ge $start) && ($pc le $finish)) { + $seen{$pc} = 1; + push(@{$contained}, $pc); + } + } + # Map to symbols + MapToSymbols($libname, AddressSub($start, $offset), $contained, $symbols); + } + + return $symbols; +} + +# Map list of PC values to symbols for a given image +sub MapToSymbols { + my $image = shift; + my $offset = shift; + my $pclist = shift; + my $symbols = shift; + + my $debug = 0; + + # Ignore empty binaries + if ($#{$pclist} < 0) { return; } + + # Figure out the addr2line command to use + my $addr2line = $obj_tool_map{"addr2line"}; + my $cmd = "$addr2line -f -C -e $image"; + if (exists $obj_tool_map{"addr2line_pdb"}) { + $addr2line = $obj_tool_map{"addr2line_pdb"}; + $cmd = "$addr2line --demangle -f -C -e $image"; + } + + # If "addr2line" isn't installed on the system at all, just use + # nm to get what info we can (function names, but not line numbers). + if (system("$addr2line --help >/dev/null 2>&1") != 0) { + MapSymbolsWithNM($image, $offset, $pclist, $symbols); + return; + } + + # "addr2line -i" can produce a variable number of lines per input + # address, with no separator that allows us to tell when data for + # the next address starts. So we find the address for a special + # symbol (_fini) and interleave this address between all real + # addresses passed to addr2line. The name of this special symbol + # can then be used as a separator. + $sep_address = undef; # May be filled in by MapSymbolsWithNM() + my $nm_symbols = {}; + MapSymbolsWithNM($image, $offset, $pclist, $nm_symbols); + # TODO(csilvers): only add '-i' if addr2line supports it. + if (defined($sep_address)) { + # Only add " -i" to addr2line if the binary supports it. + # addr2line --help returns 0, but not if it sees an unknown flag first. + if (system("$cmd -i --help >/dev/null 2>&1") == 0) { + $cmd .= " -i"; + } else { + $sep_address = undef; # no need for sep_address if we don't support -i + } + } + + # Make file with all PC values with intervening 'sep_address' so + # that we can reliably detect the end of inlined function list + open(ADDRESSES, ">$main::tmpfile_sym") || error("$main::tmpfile_sym: $!\n"); + if ($debug) { print("---- $image ---\n"); } + for (my $i = 0; $i <= $#{$pclist}; $i++) { + # addr2line always reads hex addresses, and does not need '0x' prefix. + if ($debug) { printf STDERR ("%s\n", $pclist->[$i]); } + printf ADDRESSES ("%s\n", AddressSub($pclist->[$i], $offset)); + if (defined($sep_address)) { + printf ADDRESSES ("%s\n", $sep_address); + } + } + close(ADDRESSES); + if ($debug) { + print("----\n"); + system("cat $main::tmpfile_sym"); + print("----\n"); + system("$cmd <$main::tmpfile_sym"); + print("----\n"); + } + + open(SYMBOLS, "$cmd <$main::tmpfile_sym |") || error("$cmd: $!\n"); + my $count = 0; # Index in pclist + while () { + # Read fullfunction and filelineinfo from next pair of lines + s/\r?\n$//g; + my $fullfunction = $_; + $_ = ; + s/\r?\n$//g; + my $filelinenum = $_; + + if (defined($sep_address) && $fullfunction eq $sep_symbol) { + # Terminating marker for data for this address + $count++; + next; + } + + $filelinenum =~ s|\\|/|g; # turn windows-style paths into unix-style paths + + my $pcstr = $pclist->[$count]; + my $function = ShortFunctionName($fullfunction); + if ($fullfunction eq '??') { + # See if nm found a symbol + my $nms = $nm_symbols->{$pcstr}; + if (defined($nms)) { + $function = $nms->[0]; + $fullfunction = $nms->[2]; + } + } + + # Prepend to accumulated symbols for pcstr + # (so that caller comes before callee) + my $sym = $symbols->{$pcstr}; + if (!defined($sym)) { + $sym = []; + $symbols->{$pcstr} = $sym; + } + unshift(@{$sym}, $function, $filelinenum, $fullfunction); + if ($debug) { printf STDERR ("%s => [%s]\n", $pcstr, join(" ", @{$sym})); } + if (!defined($sep_address)) { + # Inlining is off, se this entry ends immediately + $count++; + } + } + close(SYMBOLS); +} + +# Use nm to map the list of referenced PCs to symbols. Return true iff we +# are able to read procedure information via nm. +sub MapSymbolsWithNM { + my $image = shift; + my $offset = shift; + my $pclist = shift; + my $symbols = shift; + + # Get nm output sorted by increasing address + my $symbol_table = GetProcedureBoundaries($image, "."); + if (!%{$symbol_table}) { + return 0; + } + # Start addresses are already the right length (8 or 16 hex digits). + my @names = sort { $symbol_table->{$a}->[0] cmp $symbol_table->{$b}->[0] } + keys(%{$symbol_table}); + + if ($#names < 0) { + # No symbols: just use addresses + foreach my $pc (@{$pclist}) { + my $pcstr = "0x" . $pc; + $symbols->{$pc} = [$pcstr, "?", $pcstr]; + } + return 0; + } + + # Sort addresses so we can do a join against nm output + my $index = 0; + my $fullname = $names[0]; + my $name = ShortFunctionName($fullname); + foreach my $pc (sort { $a cmp $b } @{$pclist}) { + # Adjust for mapped offset + my $mpc = AddressSub($pc, $offset); + while (($index < $#names) && ($mpc ge $symbol_table->{$fullname}->[1])){ + $index++; + $fullname = $names[$index]; + $name = ShortFunctionName($fullname); + } + if ($mpc lt $symbol_table->{$fullname}->[1]) { + $symbols->{$pc} = [$name, "?", $fullname]; + } else { + my $pcstr = "0x" . $pc; + $symbols->{$pc} = [$pcstr, "?", $pcstr]; + } + } + return 1; +} + +sub ShortFunctionName { + my $function = shift; + while ($function =~ s/\([^()]*\)(\s*const)?//g) { } # Argument types + while ($function =~ s/<[^<>]*>//g) { } # Remove template arguments + $function =~ s/^.*\s+(\w+::)/$1/; # Remove leading type + return $function; +} + +##### Miscellaneous ##### + +# Find the right versions of the above object tools to use. The +# argument is the program file being analyzed, and should be an ELF +# 32-bit or ELF 64-bit executable file. The location of the tools +# is determined by considering the following options in this order: +# 1) --tools option, if set +# 2) PPROF_TOOLS environment variable, if set +# 3) the environment +sub ConfigureObjTools { + my $prog_file = shift; + + # Check for the existence of $prog_file because /usr/bin/file does not + # predictably return error status in prod. + (-e $prog_file) || error("$prog_file does not exist.\n"); + + # Follow symlinks (at least for systems where "file" supports that) + my $file_type = `/usr/bin/file -L $prog_file 2>/dev/null || /usr/bin/file $prog_file`; + if ($file_type =~ /64-bit/) { + # Change $address_length to 16 if the program file is ELF 64-bit. + # We can't detect this from many (most?) heap or lock contention + # profiles, since the actual addresses referenced are generally in low + # memory even for 64-bit programs. + $address_length = 16; + } + + if ($file_type =~ /MS Windows/) { + # For windows, we provide a version of nm and addr2line as part of + # the opensource release, which is capable of parsing + # Windows-style PDB executables. It should live in the path, or + # in the same directory as pprof. + $obj_tool_map{"nm_pdb"} = "nm-pdb"; + $obj_tool_map{"addr2line_pdb"} = "addr2line-pdb"; + } + + if ($file_type =~ /Mach-O/) { + # OS X uses otool to examine Mach-O files, rather than objdump. + $obj_tool_map{"otool"} = "otool"; + } + + # Go fill in %obj_tool_map with the pathnames to use: + foreach my $tool (keys %obj_tool_map) { + $obj_tool_map{$tool} = ConfigureTool($obj_tool_map{$tool}); + } +} + +# Returns the path of a caller-specified object tool. If --tools or +# PPROF_TOOLS are specified, then returns the full path to the tool +# with that prefix. Otherwise, returns the path unmodified (which +# means we will look for it on PATH). +sub ConfigureTool { + my $tool = shift; + my $path; + + if ($main::opt_tools ne "") { + # Use a prefix specified by the --tools option... + $path = $main::opt_tools . $tool; + if (!-x $path) { + error("No '$tool' found with prefix specified by --tools $main::opt_tools\n"); + } + } elsif (exists $ENV{"PPROF_TOOLS"} && + $ENV{"PPROF_TOOLS"} ne "") { + #... or specified with the PPROF_TOOLS environment variable... + $path = $ENV{"PPROF_TOOLS"} . $tool; + if (!-x $path) { + error("No '$tool' found with prefix specified by PPROF_TOOLS=$ENV{PPROF_TOOLS}\n"); + } + } else { + # ... otherwise use the version that exists in the same directory as + # pprof. If there's nothing there, use $PATH. + $0 =~ m,[^/]*$,; # this is everything after the last slash + my $dirname = $`; # this is everything up to and including the last slash + if (-x "$dirname$tool") { + $path = "$dirname$tool"; + } else { + $path = $tool; + } + } + if ($main::opt_debug) { print STDERR "Using '$path' for '$tool'.\n"; } + return $path; +} + +sub cleanup { + unlink($main::tmpfile_sym); + for (my $i = 0; $i < $main::next_tmpfile; $i++) { + unlink(PsTempName($i)); + } + # We leave any collected profiles in $HOME/pprof in case the user wants + # to look at them later. We print a message informing them of this. + if ((scalar(@main::profile_files) > 0) && + defined($main::collected_profile)) { + if (scalar(@main::profile_files) == 1) { + print STDERR "Dynamically gathered profile is in $main::collected_profile\n"; + } + print STDERR "If you want to investigate this profile further, you can do:\n"; + print STDERR "\n"; + print STDERR " pprof \\\n"; + print STDERR " $main::prog \\\n"; + print STDERR " $main::collected_profile\n"; + print STDERR "\n"; + } +} + +sub sighandler { + cleanup(); + exit(1); +} + +sub error { + my $msg = shift; + print STDERR $msg; + cleanup(); + exit(1); +} + + +# Run $nm_command and get all the resulting procedure boundaries whose +# names match "$regexp" and returns them in a hashtable mapping from +# procedure name to a two-element vector of [start address, end address] +sub GetProcedureBoundariesViaNm { + my $nm_command = shift; + my $regexp = shift; + + my $symbol_table = {}; + open(NM, "$nm_command |") || error("$nm_command: $!\n"); + my $last_start = "0"; + my $routine = ""; + while () { + s/\r//g; # turn windows-looking lines into unix-looking lines + if (m/^([0-9a-f]+) (.) (..*)/) { + my $start_val = $1; + my $type = $2; + my $this_routine = $3; + + # It's possible for two symbols to share the same address, if + # one is a zero-length variable (like __start_google_malloc) or + # one symbol is a weak alias to another (like __libc_malloc). + # In such cases, we want to ignore all values except for the + # actual symbol, which in nm-speak has type "T". The logic + # below does this, though it's a bit tricky: what happens when + # we have a series of lines with the same address, is the first + # one gets queued up to be processed. However, it won't + # *actually* be processed until later, when we read a line with + # a different address. That means that as long as we're reading + # lines with the same address, we have a chance to replace that + # item in the queue, which we do whenever we see a 'T' entry -- + # that is, a line with type 'T'. If we never see a 'T' entry, + # we'll just go ahead and process the first entry (which never + # got touched in the queue), and ignore the others. + if ($start_val eq $last_start && $type =~ /t/i) { + # We are the 'T' symbol at this address, replace previous symbol. + $routine = $this_routine; + next; + } elsif ($start_val eq $last_start) { + # We're not the 'T' symbol at this address, so ignore us. + next; + } + + if ($this_routine eq $sep_symbol) { + $sep_address = HexExtend($start_val); + } + + # Tag this routine with the starting address in case the image + # has multiple occurrences of this routine. We use a syntax + # that resembles template paramters that are automatically + # stripped out by ShortFunctionName() + $this_routine .= "<$start_val>"; + + if (defined($routine) && $routine =~ m/$regexp/) { + $symbol_table->{$routine} = [HexExtend($last_start), + HexExtend($start_val)]; + } + $last_start = $start_val; + $routine = $this_routine; + } elsif (m/^Loaded image name: (.+)/) { + # The win32 nm workalike emits information about the binary it is using. + if ($main::opt_debug) { print STDERR "Using Image $1\n"; } + } elsif (m/^PDB file name: (.+)/) { + # The win32 nm workalike emits information about the pdb it is using. + if ($main::opt_debug) { print STDERR "Using PDB $1\n"; } + } + } + close(NM); + # Handle the last line in the nm output. Unfortunately, we don't know + # how big this last symbol is, because we don't know how big the file + # is. For now, we just give it a size of 0. + # TODO(csilvers): do better here. + if (defined($routine) && $routine =~ m/$regexp/) { + $symbol_table->{$routine} = [HexExtend($last_start), + HexExtend($last_start)]; + } + + return $symbol_table; +} + +# Gets the procedure boundaries for all routines in "$image" whose names +# match "$regexp" and returns them in a hashtable mapping from procedure +# name to a two-element vector of [start address, end address]. +# Will return an empty map if nm is not installed or not working properly. +sub GetProcedureBoundaries { + my $image = shift; + my $regexp = shift; + + # For libc libraries, the copy in /usr/lib/debug contains debugging symbols + my $debugging = DebuggingLibrary($image); + if ($debugging) { + $image = $debugging; + } + + my $nm = $obj_tool_map{"nm"}; + my $cppfilt = $obj_tool_map{"c++filt"}; + + # nm can fail for two reasons: 1) $image isn't a debug library; 2) nm + # binary doesn't support --demangle. In addition, for OS X we need + # to use the -f flag to get 'flat' nm output (otherwise we don't sort + # properly and get incorrect results). Unfortunately, GNU nm uses -f + # in an incompatible way. So first we test whether our nm supports + # --demangle and -f. + my $demangle_flag = ""; + my $cppfilt_flag = ""; + if (system("$nm --demangle $image >/dev/null 2>&1") == 0) { + # In this mode, we do "nm --demangle " + $demangle_flag = "--demangle"; + $cppfilt_flag = ""; + } elsif (system("$cppfilt $image >/dev/null 2>&1") == 0) { + # In this mode, we do "nm | c++filt" + $cppfilt_flag = " | $cppfilt"; + }; + my $flatten_flag = ""; + if (system("$nm -f $image >/dev/null 2>&1") == 0) { + $flatten_flag = "-f"; + } + + # Finally, in the case $imagie isn't a debug library, we try again with + # -D to at least get *exported* symbols. If we can't use --demangle, + # we use c++filt instead, if it exists on this system. + my @nm_commands = ("$nm -n $flatten_flag $demangle_flag" . + " $image 2>/dev/null $cppfilt_flag", + "$nm -D -n $flatten_flag $demangle_flag" . + " $image 2>/dev/null $cppfilt_flag"); + # If the executable is an MS Windows PDB-format executable, we'll + # have set up obj_tool_map("nm_pdb"). In this case, we actually + # want to use both unix nm and windows-specific nm_pdb, since + # PDB-format executables can apparently include dwarf .o files. + if (exists $obj_tool_map{"nm_pdb"}) { + my $nm_pdb = $obj_tool_map{"nm_pdb"}; + push(@nm_commands, "$nm_pdb --demangle $image 2>/dev/null"); + } + + foreach my $nm_command (@nm_commands) { + my $symbol_table = GetProcedureBoundariesViaNm($nm_command, $regexp); + return $symbol_table if (%{$symbol_table}); + } + my $symbol_table = {}; + return $symbol_table; +} + + +# The test vectors for AddressAdd/Sub/Inc are 8-16-nibble hex strings. +# To make them more readable, we add underscores at interesting places. +# This routine removes the underscores, producing the canonical representation +# used by pprof to represent addresses, particularly in the tested routines. +sub CanonicalHex { + my $arg = shift; + return join '', (split '_',$arg); +} + + +# Unit test for AddressAdd: +sub AddressAddUnitTest { + my $test_data_8 = shift; + my $test_data_16 = shift; + my $error_count = 0; + my $fail_count = 0; + my $pass_count = 0; + # print STDERR "AddressAddUnitTest: ", 1+$#{$test_data_8}, " tests\n"; + + # First a few 8-nibble addresses. Note that this implementation uses + # plain old arithmetic, so a quick sanity check along with verifying what + # happens to overflow (we want it to wrap): + $address_length = 8; + foreach my $row (@{$test_data_8}) { + if ($main::opt_debug and $main::opt_test) { print STDERR "@{$row}\n"; } + my $sum = AddressAdd ($row->[0], $row->[1]); + if ($sum ne $row->[2]) { + printf STDERR "ERROR: %s != %s + %s = %s\n", $sum, + $row->[0], $row->[1], $row->[2]; + ++$fail_count; + } else { + ++$pass_count; + } + } + printf STDERR "AddressAdd 32-bit tests: %d passes, %d failures\n", + $pass_count, $fail_count; + $error_count = $fail_count; + $fail_count = 0; + $pass_count = 0; + + # Now 16-nibble addresses. + $address_length = 16; + foreach my $row (@{$test_data_16}) { + if ($main::opt_debug and $main::opt_test) { print STDERR "@{$row}\n"; } + my $sum = AddressAdd (CanonicalHex($row->[0]), CanonicalHex($row->[1])); + my $expected = join '', (split '_',$row->[2]); + if ($sum ne CanonicalHex($row->[2])) { + printf STDERR "ERROR: %s != %s + %s = %s\n", $sum, + $row->[0], $row->[1], $row->[2]; + ++$fail_count; + } else { + ++$pass_count; + } + } + printf STDERR "AddressAdd 64-bit tests: %d passes, %d failures\n", + $pass_count, $fail_count; + $error_count += $fail_count; + + return $error_count; +} + + +# Unit test for AddressSub: +sub AddressSubUnitTest { + my $test_data_8 = shift; + my $test_data_16 = shift; + my $error_count = 0; + my $fail_count = 0; + my $pass_count = 0; + # print STDERR "AddressSubUnitTest: ", 1+$#{$test_data_8}, " tests\n"; + + # First a few 8-nibble addresses. Note that this implementation uses + # plain old arithmetic, so a quick sanity check along with verifying what + # happens to overflow (we want it to wrap): + $address_length = 8; + foreach my $row (@{$test_data_8}) { + if ($main::opt_debug and $main::opt_test) { print STDERR "@{$row}\n"; } + my $sum = AddressSub ($row->[0], $row->[1]); + if ($sum ne $row->[3]) { + printf STDERR "ERROR: %s != %s - %s = %s\n", $sum, + $row->[0], $row->[1], $row->[3]; + ++$fail_count; + } else { + ++$pass_count; + } + } + printf STDERR "AddressSub 32-bit tests: %d passes, %d failures\n", + $pass_count, $fail_count; + $error_count = $fail_count; + $fail_count = 0; + $pass_count = 0; + + # Now 16-nibble addresses. + $address_length = 16; + foreach my $row (@{$test_data_16}) { + if ($main::opt_debug and $main::opt_test) { print STDERR "@{$row}\n"; } + my $sum = AddressSub (CanonicalHex($row->[0]), CanonicalHex($row->[1])); + if ($sum ne CanonicalHex($row->[3])) { + printf STDERR "ERROR: %s != %s - %s = %s\n", $sum, + $row->[0], $row->[1], $row->[3]; + ++$fail_count; + } else { + ++$pass_count; + } + } + printf STDERR "AddressSub 64-bit tests: %d passes, %d failures\n", + $pass_count, $fail_count; + $error_count += $fail_count; + + return $error_count; +} + + +# Unit test for AddressInc: +sub AddressIncUnitTest { + my $test_data_8 = shift; + my $test_data_16 = shift; + my $error_count = 0; + my $fail_count = 0; + my $pass_count = 0; + # print STDERR "AddressIncUnitTest: ", 1+$#{$test_data_8}, " tests\n"; + + # First a few 8-nibble addresses. Note that this implementation uses + # plain old arithmetic, so a quick sanity check along with verifying what + # happens to overflow (we want it to wrap): + $address_length = 8; + foreach my $row (@{$test_data_8}) { + if ($main::opt_debug and $main::opt_test) { print STDERR "@{$row}\n"; } + my $sum = AddressInc ($row->[0]); + if ($sum ne $row->[4]) { + printf STDERR "ERROR: %s != %s + 1 = %s\n", $sum, + $row->[0], $row->[4]; + ++$fail_count; + } else { + ++$pass_count; + } + } + printf STDERR "AddressInc 32-bit tests: %d passes, %d failures\n", + $pass_count, $fail_count; + $error_count = $fail_count; + $fail_count = 0; + $pass_count = 0; + + # Now 16-nibble addresses. + $address_length = 16; + foreach my $row (@{$test_data_16}) { + if ($main::opt_debug and $main::opt_test) { print STDERR "@{$row}\n"; } + my $sum = AddressInc (CanonicalHex($row->[0])); + if ($sum ne CanonicalHex($row->[4])) { + printf STDERR "ERROR: %s != %s + 1 = %s\n", $sum, + $row->[0], $row->[4]; + ++$fail_count; + } else { + ++$pass_count; + } + } + printf STDERR "AddressInc 64-bit tests: %d passes, %d failures\n", + $pass_count, $fail_count; + $error_count += $fail_count; + + return $error_count; +} + + +# Driver for unit tests. +# Currently just the address add/subtract/increment routines for 64-bit. +sub RunUnitTests { + my $error_count = 0; + + # This is a list of tuples [a, b, a+b, a-b, a+1] + my $unit_test_data_8 = [ + [qw(aaaaaaaa 50505050 fafafafa 5a5a5a5a aaaaaaab)], + [qw(50505050 aaaaaaaa fafafafa a5a5a5a6 50505051)], + [qw(ffffffff aaaaaaaa aaaaaaa9 55555555 00000000)], + [qw(00000001 ffffffff 00000000 00000002 00000002)], + [qw(00000001 fffffff0 fffffff1 00000011 00000002)], + ]; + my $unit_test_data_16 = [ + # The implementation handles data in 7-nibble chunks, so those are the + # interesting boundaries. + [qw(aaaaaaaa 50505050 + 00_000000f_afafafa 00_0000005_a5a5a5a 00_000000a_aaaaaab)], + [qw(50505050 aaaaaaaa + 00_000000f_afafafa ff_ffffffa_5a5a5a6 00_0000005_0505051)], + [qw(ffffffff aaaaaaaa + 00_000001a_aaaaaa9 00_0000005_5555555 00_0000010_0000000)], + [qw(00000001 ffffffff + 00_0000010_0000000 ff_ffffff0_0000002 00_0000000_0000002)], + [qw(00000001 fffffff0 + 00_000000f_ffffff1 ff_ffffff0_0000011 00_0000000_0000002)], + + [qw(00_a00000a_aaaaaaa 50505050 + 00_a00000f_afafafa 00_a000005_a5a5a5a 00_a00000a_aaaaaab)], + [qw(0f_fff0005_0505050 aaaaaaaa + 0f_fff000f_afafafa 0f_ffefffa_5a5a5a6 0f_fff0005_0505051)], + [qw(00_000000f_fffffff 01_800000a_aaaaaaa + 01_800001a_aaaaaa9 fe_8000005_5555555 00_0000010_0000000)], + [qw(00_0000000_0000001 ff_fffffff_fffffff + 00_0000000_0000000 00_0000000_0000002 00_0000000_0000002)], + [qw(00_0000000_0000001 ff_fffffff_ffffff0 + ff_fffffff_ffffff1 00_0000000_0000011 00_0000000_0000002)], + ]; + + $error_count += AddressAddUnitTest($unit_test_data_8, $unit_test_data_16); + $error_count += AddressSubUnitTest($unit_test_data_8, $unit_test_data_16); + $error_count += AddressIncUnitTest($unit_test_data_8, $unit_test_data_16); + if ($error_count > 0) { + print STDERR $error_count, " errors: FAILED\n"; + } else { + print STDERR "PASS\n"; + } + exit ($error_count); +} diff --git a/jemalloc/doc/jemalloc.3.in b/jemalloc/doc/jemalloc.3.in index f51e8066..cf5cb5e0 100644 --- a/jemalloc/doc/jemalloc.3.in +++ b/jemalloc/doc/jemalloc.3.in @@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ will disable dirty page purging. @roff_prof@option for information on interval-triggered profile dumping, and the @roff_prof@.Dq U @roff_prof@option for information on high-water-triggered profile dumping. -@roff_prof@Profile output is compatible with the pprof Perl script, which is -@roff_prof@part of the google-perftools package +@roff_prof@Profile output is compatible with the included pprof Perl script, +@roff_prof@which originates from the google-perftools package @roff_prof@(http://code.google.com/p/google-perftools/). @roff_tcache@.It G @roff_tcache@Double/halve the approximate interval (counted in terms of