Implementing opt.background_thread.

Added opt.background_thread to enable background threads, which handles purging
currently.  When enabled, decay ticks will not trigger purging (which will be
left to the background threads).  We limit the max number of threads to NCPUs.
When percpu arena is enabled, set CPU affinity for the background threads as
well.

The sleep interval of background threads is dynamic and determined by computing
number of pages to purge in the future (based on backlog).

include/jemalloc/internal/smoothstep.sh

@@ -83,14 +83,16 @@ cat <<EOF
 #define SMOOTHSTEP_NSTEPS	${nsteps}
 #define SMOOTHSTEP_BFP		${bfp}
 #define SMOOTHSTEP \\
- /* STEP(step, h,                            x,     y) */ \\
+ /* STEP(step, h,                            x,     y,                 h_sum) */ \\
 EOF
 
 s=1
+h_sum=0
 while [ $s -le $nsteps ] ; do
   $variant ${s}
   x=`echo ${xprec} k ${s} ${nsteps} / p | dc | tr -d '\\\\\n' | sed -e 's#^\.#0.#g'`
-  printf '    STEP(%4d, UINT64_C(0x%016x), %s, %s) \\\n' ${s} ${h} ${x} ${y}
+  h_sum=$((h_sum+h))
+  printf '    STEP(%4d, UINT64_C(0x%016x), %s, %s, UINT64_C(0x%016x)) \\\n' ${s} ${h} ${x} ${y} ${h_sum}
 
   s=$((s+1))
 done