The emitter can be used to produce structured json or tabular output. For now
it has no uses; in subsequent commits, I'll begin transitioning stats printing
code over.
We have a buffer overrun that manifests in the case where arena indices higher
than the number of CPUs are accessed before arena indices lower than the number
of CPUs. This fixes the bug and adds a test.
The external linkage for spin_adaptive was not used, and the inline
declaration of spin_adaptive that was used caused a probem on FreeBSD
where CPU_SPINWAIT is implemented as a call to a static procedure for
x86 architectures.
Added opt.background_thread to enable background threads, which handles purging
currently. When enabled, decay ticks will not trigger purging (which will be
left to the background threads). We limit the max number of threads to NCPUs.
When percpu arena is enabled, set CPU affinity for the background threads as
well.
The sleep interval of background threads is dynamic and determined by computing
number of pages to purge in the future (based on backlog).
Instead of embedding a lock bit in rtree leaf elements, we associate extents
with a small set of mutexes. This gets us two things:
- We can use the system mutexes. This (hypothetically) protects us from
priority inversion, and lets us stop doing a backoff/sleep loop, instead
opting for precise wakeups from the mutex.
- Cuts down on the number of mutex acquisitions we have to do (from 4 in the
worst case to two).
We end up simplifying most of the rtree code (which no longer has to deal with
locking or concurrency at all), at the cost of additional complexity in the
extent code: since the mutex protecting the rtree leaf elements is determined by
reading the extent out of those elements, the initial read is racy, so that we
may acquire an out of date mutex. We re-check the extent in the leaf after
acquiring the mutex to protect us from this race.
Support millisecond resolution for decay times. Among other use cases
this makes it possible to specify a short initial dirty-->muzzy decay
phase, followed by a longer muzzy-->clean decay phase.
This resolves#812.
Rather than using a manually maintained list of internal symbols to
drive name mangling, add a compilation phase to automatically extract
the list of internal symbols.
This resolves#677.
Split decay-based purging into two phases, the first of which uses lazy
purging to convert dirty pages to "muzzy", and the second of which uses
forced purging, decommit, or unmapping to convert pages to clean or
destroy them altogether. Not all operating systems support lazy
purging, yet the application may provide extent hooks that implement
lazy purging, so care must be taken to dynamically omit the first phase
when necessary.
The mallctl interfaces change as follows:
- opt.decay_time --> opt.{dirty,muzzy}_decay_time
- arena.<i>.decay_time --> arena.<i>.{dirty,muzzy}_decay_time
- arenas.decay_time --> arenas.{dirty,muzzy}_decay_time
- stats.arenas.<i>.pdirty --> stats.arenas.<i>.p{dirty,muzzy}
- stats.arenas.<i>.{npurge,nmadvise,purged} -->
stats.arenas.<i>.{dirty,muzzy}_{npurge,nmadvise,purged}
This resolves#521.
This is the first header refactoring diff, #533. It splits the assert and util
components into separate, hermetic, header files. In the process, it splits out
two of the large sub-components of util (the stdio.h replacement, and bit
manipulation routines) into their own components (malloc_io.h and bit_util.h).
This is mostly to break up cyclic dependencies, but it also breaks off a good
chunk of the catch-all-ness of util, which is nice.
This introduces a backport of C11 atomics. It has four implementations; ranked
in order of preference, they are:
- GCC/Clang __atomic builtins
- GCC/Clang __sync builtins
- MSVC _Interlocked builtins
- C11 atomics, from <stdatomic.h>
The primary advantages are:
- Close adherence to the standard API gives us a defined memory model.
- Type safety: atomic objects are now separate types from non-atomic ones, so
that it's impossible to mix up atomic and non-atomic updates (which is
undefined behavior that compilers are starting to take advantage of).
- Efficiency: we can specify ordering for operations, avoiding fences and
atomic operations on strongly ordered architectures (example:
`atomic_write_u32(ptr, val);` involves a CAS loop, whereas
`atomic_store(ptr, val, ATOMIC_RELEASE);` is a plain store.
This diff leaves in the current atomics API (implementing them in terms of the
backport). This lets us transition uses over piecemeal.
Testing:
This is by nature hard to test. I've manually tested the first three options on
Linux on gcc by futzing with the #defines manually, on freebsd with gcc and
clang, on MSVC, and on OS X with clang. All of these were x86 machines though,
and we don't have any test infrastructure set up for non-x86 platforms.
Implement and test a JSON validation parser. Use the parser to validate
JSON output from malloc_stats_print(), with a significant subset of
supported output options.
This resolves#551.
Mostly revert the prof_realloc() changes in
498856f44a (Move slabs out of chunks.) so
that prof_free_sampled_object() is called when appropriate. Leave the
prof_tctx_[re]set() optimization in place, but add an assertion to
verify that all eight cases are correctly handled. Add a comment to
make clear the code ordering, so that the regression originally fixed by
ea8d97b897 (Fix
prof_{malloc,free}_sample_object() call order in prof_realloc().) is not
repeated.
This resolves#499.
Add/rename related mallctls:
- Add stats.arenas.<i>.base .
- Rename stats.arenas.<i>.metadata to stats.arenas.<i>.internal .
- Add stats.arenas.<i>.resident .
Modify the arenas.extend mallctl to take an optional (extent_hooks_t *)
argument so that it is possible for all base allocations to be serviced
by the specified extent hooks.
This resolves#463.
Add the --with-lg-hugepage configure option, but automatically configure
LG_HUGEPAGE even if it isn't specified.
Add the pages_[no]huge() functions, which toggle huge page state via
madvise(..., MADV_[NO]HUGEPAGE) calls.
Rewrite arena_slab_regind() to provide sufficient constant data for
the compiler to perform division strength reduction. This replaces
more general manual strength reduction that was implemented before
arena_bin_info was compile-time-constant. It would be possible to
slightly improve on the compiler-generated division code by taking
advantage of range limits that the compiler doesn't know about.
Convert CFLAGS/CXXFLAGS to be concatenations:
CFLAGS := CONFIGURE_CFLAGS SPECIFIED_CFLAGS EXTRA_CFLAGS
CXXFLAGS := CONFIGURE_CXXFLAGS SPECIFIED_CXXFLAGS EXTRA_CXXFLAGS
This ordering makes it possible to override the flags set by the
configure script both during and after configuration, with
CFLAGS/CXXFLAGS and EXTRA_CFLAGS/EXTRA_CXXFLAGS, respectively.
This resolves#504.
Adds cpp bindings for jemalloc, along with necessary autoconf settings.
This is mostly to add sized deallocation support, which can't be added
from C directly. Sized deallocation is ~10% microbench improvement.
* Import ax_cxx_compile_stdcxx.m4 from the autoconf repo, seems like the
easiest way to get c++14 detection.
* Adds various other changes, like CXXFLAGS, to configure.ac.
* Adds new rules to Makefile.in for src/jemalloc-cpp.cpp, and a basic
unittest.
* Both new and delete are overridden, to ensure jemalloc is used for
both.
* TODO future enhancement of avoiding extra PLT thunks for new and
delete - sdallocx and malloc are publicly exported jemalloc symbols,
using an alias would link them directly. Unfortunately, was having
trouble getting it to play nice with jemalloc's namespace support.
Testing:
Tested gcc 4.8, gcc 5, gcc 5.2, clang 4.0. Only gcc >= 5 has sized
deallocation support, verified that the rest build correctly.
Tested mac osx and Centos.
Tested --with-jemalloc-prefix and --without-export.
This resolves#202.
Conditionalize use of --whole-archive on the platform plus compiler,
rather than on the ABI. This fixes a regression caused by
7b24c6e557 (Use --whole-archive when
linking integration tests on MinGW.).
Prior to this change, the malloc_conf weak symbol provided by the
jemalloc dynamic library is always used, even if the application
provides a malloc_conf symbol. Use the --whole-archive linker option
to allow the weak symbol to be overridden.
Add spin_t and spin_{init,adaptive}(), which provide a simple
abstraction for adaptive spinning.
Adaptively spin during busy waits in bootstrapping and rtree node
initialization.
The Cray compiler wrappers will often add `-lrt` to the base compiler with
`-static` linking (the default at most sites.) However, `-lrt` isn't
automatically added with `-dynamic`. This means that if jemalloc was built with
`-static`, but then used in a program with `-dynamic` jemalloc won't have
detected that librt is a dependency.
The integration and stress tests use -dynamic, which is causing undefined
references to clock_gettime().
This just adds an extra check for librt (ignoring the autoconf cache) with
`-dynamic` thrown. It also stops filtering librt from the integration tests.
With this `make check` passes for:
- PrgEnv-gnu
- PrgEnv-intel
- PrgEnv-pgi
PrgEnv-cray still needs more work (will be in a separate patch.)
Cray systems come with compiler wrappers to simplify building parallel
applications. CC is the C++ wrapper, and cc is the C wrapper.
The wrappers call the base {Cray, Intel, PGI, or GNU} compiler with vendor
specific flags. The "Programming Environment" (prgenv) that's currently loaded
determines the base compiler. e.g. compiling with gnu looks something like:
module load PrgEnv-gnu
cc hello.c
On most systems the wrappers defaults to `-static` mode, which causes them to
only look for static libraries, and not for any dynamic ones (even if the
dynamic version was explicitly listed.)
The integration and stress tests expect to be using the .so, so we have to run
the with -dynamic so that wrapper will find/use the .so.
Refactor ph to support configurable comparison functions. Use a cpp
macro code generation form equivalent to the rb macros so that pairing
heaps can be used for both run heaps and chunk heaps.
Remove per node parent pointers, and instead use leftmost siblings' prev
pointers to track parents.
Fix multi-pass sibling merging to iterate over intermediate results
using a FIFO, rather than a LIFO. Use this fixed sibling merging
implementation for both merge phases of the auxiliary twopass algorithm
(first merging the aux list, then replacing the root with its merged
children). This fixes both degenerate merge behavior and the potential
for deep recursion.
This regression was introduced by
6bafa6678f (Pairing heap).
This resolves#371.
Initial implementation of a twopass pairing heap with aux list.
Research papers linked in comments.
Where search/nsearch/last aren't needed, this gives much faster first(),
delete(), and insert(). Insert is O(1), and first/delete don't have to
walk the whole tree.
Also tested rb_old with parent pointers - it was better than the current
rb.h for memory loads, but still much worse than a pairing heap.
An array-based heap would be much faster if everything fits in memory,
but on a cold cache it has many more memory loads for most operations.
Use a single uint64_t in nstime_t to store nanoseconds rather than using
struct timespec. This reduces fragility around conversions between long
and uint64_t, especially missing casts that only cause problems on
32-bit platforms.
This is an alternative to the existing ratio-based unused dirty page
purging, and is intended to eventually become the sole purging
mechanism.
Add mallctls:
- opt.purge
- opt.decay_time
- arena.<i>.decay
- arena.<i>.decay_time
- arenas.decay_time
- stats.arenas.<i>.decay_time
This resolves#325.
Prior to this change the debug build/test command needed to look like:
make all tests && make check_unit && make check_integration && \
make check_integration_prof
This is now simply:
make check
Rename the check_stress target to stress.
Add the "arena.<i>.chunk_hooks" mallctl, which replaces and expands on
the "arena.<i>.chunk.{alloc,dalloc,purge}" mallctls. The chunk hooks
allow control over chunk allocation/deallocation, decommit/commit,
purging, and splitting/merging, such that the application can rely on
jemalloc's internal chunk caching and retaining functionality, yet
implement a variety of chunk management mechanisms and policies.
Merge the chunks_[sz]ad_{mmap,dss} red-black trees into
chunks_[sz]ad_retained. This slightly reduces how hard jemalloc tries
to honor the dss precedence setting; prior to this change the precedence
setting was also consulted when recycling chunks.
Fix chunk purging. Don't purge chunks in arena_purge_stashed(); instead
deallocate them in arena_unstash_purged(), so that the dirty memory
linkage remains valid until after the last time it is used.
This resolves#176 and #201.
Fix size class overflow handling for malloc(), posix_memalign(),
memalign(), calloc(), and realloc() when profiling is enabled.
Remove an assertion that erroneously caused arena_sdalloc() to fail when
profiling was enabled.
This resolves#232.
This rename avoids installation collisions with the upstream gperftools.
Additionally, jemalloc's per thread heap profile functionality
introduced an incompatible file format, so it's now worthwhile to
clearly distinguish jemalloc's version of this script from the upstream
version.
This resolves#229.
In addition to true/false, opt.junk can now be either "alloc" or "free",
giving applications the possibility of junking memory only on allocation
or deallocation.
This resolves#172.
Add:
--with-lg-page
--with-lg-page-sizes
--with-lg-size-class-group
--with-lg-quantum
Get rid of STATIC_PAGE_SHIFT, in favor of directly setting LG_PAGE.
Fix various edge conditions exposed by the configure options.
Implement/test/fix the opt.prof_thread_active_init,
prof.thread_active_init, and thread.prof.active mallctl's.
Test/fix the thread.prof.name mallctl.
Refactor opt_prof_active to be read-only and move mutable state into the
prof_active variable. Stop leaning on ctl-related locking for
protection.
Refactor permuted backtrace test allocation that was originally used
only by the prof_accum test, so that it can be used by other heap
profiling test binaries.
This adds a new `sdallocx` function to the external API, allowing the
size to be passed by the caller. It avoids some extra reads in the
thread cache fast path. In the case where stats are enabled, this
avoids the work of calculating the size from the pointer.
An assertion validates the size that's passed in, so enabling debugging
will allow users of the API to debug cases where an incorrect size is
passed in.
The performance win for a contrived microbenchmark doing an allocation
and immediately freeing it is ~10%. It may have a different impact on a
real workload.
Closes#28
On Windows, srcroot may start with "drive:", which confuses autoconf's
AC_CONFIG_* macros. The macros works equally well without ${srcroot},
provided some adjustment to Makefile.in.
Refactor huge allocation to be managed by arenas (though the global
red-black tree of huge allocations remains for lookup during
deallocation). This is the logical conclusion of recent changes that 1)
made per arena dss precedence apply to huge allocation, and 2) made it
possible to replace the per arena chunk allocation/deallocation
functions.
Remove the top level huge stats, and replace them with per arena huge
stats.
Normalize function names and types to *dalloc* (some were *dealloc*).
Remove the --enable-mremap option. As jemalloc currently operates, this
is a performace regression for some applications, but planned work to
logarithmically space huge size classes should provide similar amortized
performance. The motivation for this change was that mremap-based huge
reallocation forced leaky abstractions that prevented refactoring.
Add new mallctl endpoints "arena<i>.chunk.alloc" and
"arena<i>.chunk.dealloc" to allow userspace to configure
jemalloc's chunk allocator and deallocator on a per-arena
basis.
Forcefully disable tcache if running inside Valgrind, and remove
Valgrind calls in tcache-specific code.
Restructure Valgrind-related code to move most Valgrind calls out of the
fast path functions.
Take advantage of static knowledge to elide some branches in
JEMALLOC_VALGRIND_REALLOC().
Break prof_accum into multiple compilation units, in order to thwart
compiler optimizations such as inlining and tail call optimization that
would alter backtraces.
Fix stress tests such that testlib code uses the jet_ allocator, but
test code uses libjemalloc.
Generate jemalloc_{rename,mangle}.h, the former because it's needed for
the stress test name mangling fix, and the latter for consistency. As
an artifact of this change, some (but not all) definitions related to
the experimental API are absent from the headers unless the feature is
enabled at configure time.
Add unit tests for pow2_ceil(), malloc_strtoumax(), and
malloc_snprintf().
Fix numerous bugs in malloc_strotumax() error handling/reporting. These
bugs could have caused application-visible issues for some seldom used
(0X... and 0... prefixes) or malformed MALLOC_CONF or mallctl() argument
strings, but otherwise they had no impact.
Fix numerous bugs in malloc_snprintf(). These bugs were not exercised
by existing malloc_*printf() calls, so they had no impact.
Verify that freed regions are quarantined, and that redzone corruption
is detected.
Introduce a testing idiom for intercepting/replacing internal functions.
In this case the replaced function is ordinarily a static function, but
the idiom should work similarly for library-private functions.
Implement the *allocx() API, which is a successor to the *allocm() API.
The *allocx() functions are slightly simpler to use because they have
fewer parameters, they directly return the results of primary interest,
and mallocx()/rallocx() avoid the strict aliasing pitfall that
allocm()/rallocx() share with posix_memalign(). The following code
violates strict aliasing rules:
foo_t *foo;
allocm((void **)&foo, NULL, 42, 0);
whereas the following is safe:
foo_t *foo;
void *p;
allocm(&p, NULL, 42, 0);
foo = (foo_t *)p;
mallocx() does not have this problem:
foo_t *foo = (foo_t *)mallocx(42, 0);
Add mtx (mutex) to test infrastructure, in order to avoid bootstrapping
complications that would result from directly using malloc_mutex.
Rename test infrastructure's thread abstraction from je_thread to thd.
Fix some header ordering issues.
Add probabability distribution utility code that enables generation of
random deviates drawn from normal, Chi-square, and Gamma distributions.
Fix format strings in several of the assert_* macros (remove a %s).
Clean up header issues; it's critical that system headers are not
included after internal definitions potentially do things like:
#define inline
Fix the build system to incorporate header dependencies for the test
library C files.
Integrate the SIMD-oriented Fast Mersenne Twister (SFMT) 1.3.3 into the
test infrastructure.
The sfmt_t state encapsulation modification comes from Crux
(http://www.canonware.com/Crux/) and enables multiple
concurrent PRNGs.
test/unit/SFMT.c is an adaptation of SFMT's test.c that performs all the
same validation, both for 32- and 64-bit generation.
Refactor tests to use explicit testing assertions, rather than diff'ing
test output. This makes the test code a bit shorter, more explicitly
encodes testing intent, and makes test failure diagnosis more
straightforward.
Refactor the test harness to support three types of tests:
- unit: White box unit tests. These tests have full access to all
internal jemalloc library symbols. Though in actuality all symbols
are prefixed by jet_, macro-based name mangling abstracts this away
from test code.
- integration: Black box integration tests. These tests link with
the installable shared jemalloc library, and with the exception of
some utility code and configure-generated macro definitions, they have
no access to jemalloc internals.
- stress: Black box stress tests. These tests link with the installable
shared jemalloc library, as well as with an internal allocator with
symbols prefixed by jet_ (same as for unit tests) that can be used to
allocate data structures that are internal to the test code.
Move existing tests into test/{unit,integration}/ as appropriate.
Split out internal parts of jemalloc_defs.h.in and put them in
jemalloc_internal_defs.h.in. This reduces internals exposure to
applications that #include <jemalloc/jemalloc.h>.
Refactor jemalloc.h header generation so that a single header file
results, and the prototypes can be used to generate jet_ prototypes for
tests. Split jemalloc.h.in into multiple parts (jemalloc_defs.h.in,
jemalloc_macros.h.in, jemalloc_protos.h.in, jemalloc_mangle.h.in) and
use a shell script to generate a unified jemalloc.h at configure time.
Change the default private namespace prefix from "" to "je_".
Add missing private namespace mangling.
Remove hard-coded private_namespace.h. Instead generate it and
private_unnamespace.h from private_symbols.txt. Use similar logic for
public symbols, which aids in name mangling for jet_ symbols.
Add test_warn() and test_fail(). Replace existing exit(1) calls with
test_fail() calls.
Add the "arenas.extend" mallctl, so that it is possible to create new
arenas that are outside the set that jemalloc automatically multiplexes
threads onto.
Add the ALLOCM_ARENA() flag for {,r,d}allocm(), so that it is possible
to explicitly allocate from a particular arena.
Add the "opt.dss" mallctl, which controls the default precedence of dss
allocation relative to mmap allocation.
Add the "arena.<i>.dss" mallctl, which makes it possible to set the
default dss precedence on a per arena or global basis.
Add the "arena.<i>.purge" mallctl, which obsoletes "arenas.purge".
Add the "stats.arenas.<i>.dss" mallctl.
This allows for different patterns for file names:
- lib.so.version for e.g. Linux
- lib.version.dylib for OSX (which is much more common than
lib.dylib.version)
- lib.dll for Windows (no version at all).
Implement Valgrind support, as well as the redzone and quarantine
features, which help Valgrind detect memory errors. Redzones are only
implemented for small objects because the changes necessary to support
redzones around large and huge objects are complicated by in-place
reallocation, to the point that it isn't clear that the maintenance
burden is worth the incremental improvement to Valgrind support.
Merge arena_salloc() and arena_salloc_demote().
Refactor i[v]salloc() to expose the 'demote' option.
This reverts commit 96d4120ac0.
ivsalloc() depends on chunks_rtree being initialized. This can be
worked around via a NULL pointer check. However,
thread_allocated_tsd_get() also depends on initialization having
occurred, and there is no way to guard its call in free() that is
cheaper than checking whether ptr is NULL.
Generalize isalloc() to handle NULL pointers in such a way that the NULL
checking overhead is only paid when introspecting huge allocations (or
NULL). This allows free() and malloc_usable_size() to no longer check
for NULL.
Submitted by Igor Bukanov and Mike Hommey.
Implement tsd, which is a TLS/TSD abstraction that uses one or both
internally. Modify bootstrapping such that no tsd's are utilized until
allocation is safe.
Remove malloc_[v]tprintf(), and use malloc_snprintf() instead.
Fix %p argument size handling in malloc_vsnprintf().
Fix a long-standing statistics-related bug in the "thread.arena"
mallctl that could cause crashes due to linked list corruption.
Implement aligned_alloc(), which was added in the C11 standard. The
function is weakly specified to the point that a minimally compliant
implementation would be painful to use (size must be an integral
multiple of alignment!), which in practice makes posix_memalign() a
safer choice.
Implement malloc_vsnprintf() (a subset of vsnprintf(3)) as well as
several other printing functions based on it, so that formatted printing
can be relied upon without concern for inducing a dependency on floating
point runtime support. Replace malloc_write() calls with
malloc_*printf() where doing so simplifies the code.
Add name mangling for library-private symbols in the data and BSS
sections. Adjust CONF_HANDLE_*() macros in malloc_conf_init() to expose
all opt_* variable use to cpp so that proper mangling occurs.
