atexit(3) can deadlock internally during its own initialization if
jemalloc calls atexit() during jemalloc initialization. Mitigate the
impact by restructuring prof initialization to avoid calling atexit()
unless the registered function will actually dump a final heap profile.
Additionally, disable prof_final by default so that this land mine is
opt-in rather than opt-out.
This resolves#144.
This avoids grabbing the base mutex, as a step towards fine-grained
locking for huge allocations. The thread cache also provides a tiny
(~3%) improvement for serial huge allocations.
Abstract arenas access to use arena_get() (or a0get() where appropriate)
rather than directly reading e.g. arenas[ind]. Prior to the addition of
the arenas.extend mallctl, the worst possible outcome of directly
accessing arenas was a stale read, but arenas.extend may allocate and
assign a new array to arenas.
Add a tsd-based arenas_cache, which amortizes arenas reads. This
introduces some subtle bootstrapping issues, with tsd_boot() now being
split into tsd_boot[01]() to support tsd wrapper allocation
bootstrapping, as well as an arenas_cache_bypass tsd variable which
dynamically terminates allocation of arenas_cache itself.
Promote a0malloc(), a0calloc(), and a0free() to be generally useful for
internal allocation, and use them in several places (more may be
appropriate).
Abstract arena->nthreads management and fix a missing decrement during
thread destruction (recent tsd refactoring left arenas_cleanup()
unused).
Change arena_choose() to propagate OOM, and handle OOM in all callers.
This is important for providing consistent allocation behavior when the
MALLOCX_ARENA() flag is being used. Prior to this fix, it was possible
for an OOM to result in allocation silently allocating from a different
arena than the one specified.
Normalize size classes to use the same number of size classes per size
doubling (currently hard coded to 4), across the intire range of size
classes. Small size classes already used this spacing, but in order to
support this change, additional small size classes now fill [4 KiB .. 16
KiB). Large size classes range from [16 KiB .. 4 MiB). Huge size
classes now support non-multiples of the chunk size in order to fill (4
MiB .. 16 MiB).
This adds support for expanding huge allocations in-place by requesting
memory at a specific address from the chunk allocator.
It's currently only implemented for the chunk recycling path, although
in theory it could also be done by optimistically allocating new chunks.
On Linux, it could attempt an in-place mremap. However, that won't work
in practice since the heap is grown downwards and memory is not unmapped
(in a normal build, at least).
Repeated vector reallocation micro-benchmark:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void) {
for (size_t i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
void *ptr = NULL;
size_t old_size = 0;
for (size_t size = 4; size < (1 << 30); size *= 2) {
ptr = realloc(ptr, size);
if (!ptr) return 1;
memset(ptr + old_size, 0xff, size - old_size);
old_size = size;
}
free(ptr);
}
}
The glibc allocator fails to do any in-place reallocations on this
benchmark once it passes the M_MMAP_THRESHOLD (default 128k) but it
elides the cost of copies via mremap, which is currently not something
that jemalloc can use.
With this improvement, jemalloc still fails to do any in-place huge
reallocations for the first outer loop, but then succeeds 100% of the
time for the remaining 99 iterations. The time spent doing allocations
and copies drops down to under 5%, with nearly all of it spent doing
purging + faulting (when huge pages are disabled) and the array memset.
An improved mremap API (MREMAP_RETAIN - #138) would be far more general
but this is a portable optimization and would still be useful on Linux
for xallocx.
Numbers with transparent huge pages enabled:
glibc (copies elided via MREMAP_MAYMOVE): 8.471s
jemalloc: 17.816s
jemalloc + no-op madvise: 13.236s
jemalloc + this commit: 6.787s
jemalloc + this commit + no-op madvise: 6.144s
Numbers with transparent huge pages disabled:
glibc (copies elided via MREMAP_MAYMOVE): 15.403s
jemalloc: 39.456s
jemalloc + no-op madvise: 12.768s
jemalloc + this commit: 15.534s
jemalloc + this commit + no-op madvise: 6.354s
Closes#137
Fix tsd cleanup regressions that were introduced in
5460aa6f66 (Convert all tsd variables to
reside in a single tsd structure.). These regressions were twofold:
1) tsd_tryget() should never (and need never) return NULL. Rename it to
tsd_fetch() and simplify all callers.
2) tsd_*_set() must only be called when tsd is in the nominal state,
because cleanup happens during the nominal-->purgatory transition,
and re-initialization must not happen while in the purgatory state.
Add tsd_nominal() and use it as needed. Note that tsd_*{p,}_get()
can still be used as long as no re-initialization that would require
cleanup occurs. This means that e.g. the thread_allocated counter
can be updated unconditionally.
Implement/test/fix the opt.prof_thread_active_init,
prof.thread_active_init, and thread.prof.active mallctl's.
Test/fix the thread.prof.name mallctl.
Refactor opt_prof_active to be read-only and move mutable state into the
prof_active variable. Stop leaning on ctl-related locking for
protection.
Refactor permuted backtrace test allocation that was originally used
only by the prof_accum test, so that it can be used by other heap
profiling test binaries.
This adds a new `sdallocx` function to the external API, allowing the
size to be passed by the caller. It avoids some extra reads in the
thread cache fast path. In the case where stats are enabled, this
avoids the work of calculating the size from the pointer.
An assertion validates the size that's passed in, so enabling debugging
will allow users of the API to debug cases where an incorrect size is
passed in.
The performance win for a contrived microbenchmark doing an allocation
and immediately freeing it is ~10%. It may have a different impact on a
real workload.
Closes#28
Use nallocx() rather than mallctl() to trigger initialization, because
nallocx() has no side effects other than initialization, whereas
mallctl() does a bunch of internal memory allocation.
Refactor huge allocation to be managed by arenas (though the global
red-black tree of huge allocations remains for lookup during
deallocation). This is the logical conclusion of recent changes that 1)
made per arena dss precedence apply to huge allocation, and 2) made it
possible to replace the per arena chunk allocation/deallocation
functions.
Remove the top level huge stats, and replace them with per arena huge
stats.
Normalize function names and types to *dalloc* (some were *dealloc*).
Remove the --enable-mremap option. As jemalloc currently operates, this
is a performace regression for some applications, but planned work to
logarithmically space huge size classes should provide similar amortized
performance. The motivation for this change was that mremap-based huge
reallocation forced leaky abstractions that prevented refactoring.
Add new mallctl endpoints "arena<i>.chunk.alloc" and
"arena<i>.chunk.dealloc" to allow userspace to configure
jemalloc's chunk allocator and deallocator on a per-arena
basis.
Make dss non-optional on all platforms which support sbrk(2).
Fix the "arena.<i>.dss" mallctl to return an error if "primary" or
"secondary" precedence is specified, but sbrk(2) is not supported.
The hash code, which has MurmurHash3 at its core, generates different
output depending on system endianness, so adapt the expected output on
big-endian systems. MurmurHash3 code also makes the assumption that
unaligned access is okay (not true on all systems), but jemalloc only
hashes data structures that have sufficient alignment to dodge this
limitation.
Reduce maximum tested alignment from 2^29 to 2^25. Some systems may not
have enough contiguous virtual memory to satisfy the larger alignment,
but the smaller alignment is still adequate to test multi-chunk
alignment.
p_test_fail() was passing a va_list to two separate functions with the
expectation that no reset would occur. Refactor p_test_fail()'s callers
to instead format two strings and pass them to p_test_fail().
Add a missing parameter to an assert_u64_eq() call, which the compiler
warned about after the assertion macro refactoring.
Restore the essence of 898960247a, which
sabotages tail call optimization. This is necessary even when the
mutually recursive functions are in separate compilation units.
If mremap(2) is used for huge reallocation, physical pages are mapped to
new virtual addresses rather than data being copied to new pages. This
bypasses the normal junk filling that would happen during allocation, so
add junk filling that is specific to this case.
Break prof_accum into multiple compilation units, in order to thwart
compiler optimizations such as inlining and tail call optimization that
would alter backtraces.
Remove the allocm() test equivalent to the mallocx() test removed in the
previous commit. The flawed test attempted to cause OOM due to large
request size and alignment constraint. Although this test "passed" on
64-bit systems due to the virtual memory hole, it could pass on some
32-bit systems.
Fix/remove three related flawed tests that attempted to cause OOM due to
large request size and alignment constraint. Although these tests
"passed" on 64-bit systems due to the virtual memory hole, they could
pass on some 32-bit systems.
Re-structure alloc_[01](), which are mutually tail-recursive functions,
to do (unnecessary) work post-recursion so that the compiler cannot
perform tail call optimization, thus preserving intentionally unique
call paths in captured backtraces.
Fix stress tests such that testlib code uses the jet_ allocator, but
test code uses libjemalloc.
Generate jemalloc_{rename,mangle}.h, the former because it's needed for
the stress test name mangling fix, and the latter for consistency. As
an artifact of this change, some (but not all) definitions related to
the experimental API are absent from the headers unless the feature is
enabled at configure time.
Extract profiling code from malloc(), imemalign(), calloc(), realloc(),
mallocx(), rallocx(), and xallocx(). This slightly reduces the amount
of code compiled into the fast paths, but the primary benefit is the
combinatorial complexity reduction.
Simplify iralloc[t]() by creating a separate ixalloc() that handles the
no-move cases.
Further simplify [mrxn]allocx() (and by implication [mrn]allocm()) to
make request size overflows due to size class and/or alignment
constraints trigger undefined behavior (detected by debug-only
assertions).
Report ENOMEM rather than EINVAL if an OOM occurs during heap profiling
backtrace creation in imemalign(). This bug impacted posix_memalign()
and aligned_alloc().
Add unit tests for pow2_ceil(), malloc_strtoumax(), and
malloc_snprintf().
Fix numerous bugs in malloc_strotumax() error handling/reporting. These
bugs could have caused application-visible issues for some seldom used
(0X... and 0... prefixes) or malformed MALLOC_CONF or mallctl() argument
strings, but otherwise they had no impact.
Fix numerous bugs in malloc_snprintf(). These bugs were not exercised
by existing malloc_*printf() calls, so they had no impact.
Reduce rtree memory usage by storing booleans (1 byte each) rather than
pointers. The rtree code is only used to record whether jemalloc manages
a chunk of memory, so there's no need to store pointers in the rtree.
Increase rtree node size to 64 KiB in order to reduce tree depth from 13
to 3 on 64-bit systems. The conversion to more compact leaf nodes was
enough by itself to make the rtree depth 1 on 32-bit systems; due to the
fact that root nodes are smaller than the specified node size if
possible, the node size change has no impact on 32-bit systems (assuming
default chunk size).
Verify that freed regions are quarantined, and that redzone corruption
is detected.
Introduce a testing idiom for intercepting/replacing internal functions.
In this case the replaced function is ordinarily a static function, but
the idiom should work similarly for library-private functions.
Move je_* definitions from jemalloc_macros.h.in to jemalloc_defs.h.in,
because only the latter is an autoconf header (#undef substitution
occurs).
Fix unit tests to use automatic mangling, so that e.g. mallocx is
macro-substituted to becom jet_mallocx.
Implement the *allocx() API, which is a successor to the *allocm() API.
The *allocx() functions are slightly simpler to use because they have
fewer parameters, they directly return the results of primary interest,
and mallocx()/rallocx() avoid the strict aliasing pitfall that
allocm()/rallocx() share with posix_memalign(). The following code
violates strict aliasing rules:
foo_t *foo;
allocm((void **)&foo, NULL, 42, 0);
whereas the following is safe:
foo_t *foo;
void *p;
allocm(&p, NULL, 42, 0);
foo = (foo_t *)p;
mallocx() does not have this problem:
foo_t *foo = (foo_t *)mallocx(42, 0);
Add mtx (mutex) to test infrastructure, in order to avoid bootstrapping
complications that would result from directly using malloc_mutex.
Rename test infrastructure's thread abstraction from je_thread to thd.
Fix some header ordering issues.
Refactor array declarations to remove some dubious casts.
Reduce array size to what is actually used.
Extract magic numbers into cpp macro definitions.
Add JEMALLOC_INLINE_C and use it instead of JEMALLOC_INLINE in .c files,
so that the annotated functions are always static.
Remove SFMT's inline-related macros and use jemalloc's instead, so that
there's no danger of interactions with jemalloc's definitions that
disable inlining for debug builds.
Add probabability distribution utility code that enables generation of
random deviates drawn from normal, Chi-square, and Gamma distributions.
Fix format strings in several of the assert_* macros (remove a %s).
Clean up header issues; it's critical that system headers are not
included after internal definitions potentially do things like:
#define inline
Fix the build system to incorporate header dependencies for the test
library C files.
Integrate the SIMD-oriented Fast Mersenne Twister (SFMT) 1.3.3 into the
test infrastructure.
The sfmt_t state encapsulation modification comes from Crux
(http://www.canonware.com/Crux/) and enables multiple
concurrent PRNGs.
test/unit/SFMT.c is an adaptation of SFMT's test.c that performs all the
same validation, both for 32- and 64-bit generation.
Refactor tests to use explicit testing assertions, rather than diff'ing
test output. This makes the test code a bit shorter, more explicitly
encodes testing intent, and makes test failure diagnosis more
straightforward.
