Add an "over-size" extent heap in which to store extents which exceed
the maximum size class (plus cache-oblivious padding, if enabled).
Remove psz2ind_clamp() and use psz2ind() instead so that trying to
allocate the maximum size class can in principle succeed. In practice,
this allows assertions to hold so that OOM errors can be successfully
generated.
Fix extent_alloc_cache[_locked]() to support decommitted allocation, and
use this ability in arena_stash_dirty(), so that decommitted extents are
not needlessly committed during purging. In practice this does not
happen on any currently supported systems, because both extent merging
and decommit must be implemented; all supported systems implement one
xor the other.
Rather than protecting dss operations with a mutex, use atomic
operations. This has negligible impact on synchronization overhead
during typical dss allocation, but is a substantial improvement for
extent_in_dss() and the newly added extent_dss_mergeable(), which can be
called multiple times during extent deallocations.
This change also has the advantage of avoiding tsd in deallocation paths
associated with purging, which resolves potential deadlocks during
thread exit due to attempted tsd resurrection.
This resolves#425.
Simplify decay-based purging attempts to only be triggered when the
epoch is advanced, rather than every time purgeable memory increases.
In a correctly functioning system (not previously the case; see below),
this only causes a behavior difference if during subsequent purge
attempts the least recently used (LRU) purgeable memory extent is
initially too large to be purged, but that memory is reused between
attempts and one or more of the next LRU purgeable memory extents are
small enough to be purged. In practice this is an arbitrary behavior
change that is within the set of acceptable behaviors.
As for the purging fix, assure that arena->decay.ndirty is recorded
*after* the epoch advance and associated purging occurs. Prior to this
fix, it was possible for purging during epoch advance to cause a
substantially underrepresentative (arena->ndirty - arena->decay.ndirty),
i.e. the number of dirty pages attributed to the current epoch was too
low, and a series of unintended purges could result. This fix is also
relevant in the context of the simplification described above, but the
bug's impact would be limited to over-purging at epoch advances.
Instead, move the epoch backward in time. Additionally, add
nstime_monotonic() and use it in debug builds to assert that time only
goes backward if nstime_update() is using a non-monotonic time source.
Avoid calling s2u() on raw extent sizes in extent_recycle().
Clamp psz2ind() (implemented as psz2ind_clamp()) when inserting/removing
into/from size-segregated extent heaps.
When an allocation is large enough to trigger multiple dumps, use
modular math rather than subtraction to reset the interval counter.
Prior to this change, it was possible for a single allocation to cause
many subsequent allocations to all trigger profile dumps.
When updating usable size for a sampled object, try to cancel out
the difference between LARGE_MINCLASS and usable size from the interval
counter.
Look up chunk metadata via the radix tree, rather than using
CHUNK_ADDR2BASE().
Propagate pointer's containing extent.
Minimize extent lookups by doing a single lookup (e.g. in free()) and
propagating the pointer's extent into nearly all the functions that may
need it.
Use pszind_t size classes rather than szind_t size classes, and always
reserve space for NPSIZES elements. This removes unused heaps that are
not multiples of the page size, and adds (currently) unused heaps for
all huge size classes, with the immediate benefit that the size of
arena_t allocations is constant (no longer dependent on chunk size).
These compute size classes and indices similarly to size2index(),
index2size() and s2u(), respectively, but using the subset of size
classes that are multiples of the page size. Note that pszind_t and
szind_t are not interchangeable.
b2c0d6322d (Add witness, a simple online
locking validator.) caused a broad propagation of tsd throughout the
internal API, but tsd_fetch() was designed to fail prior to tsd
bootstrapping. Fix this by splitting tsd_t into non-nullable tsd_t and
nullable tsdn_t, and modifying all internal APIs that do not critically
rely on tsd to take nullable pointers. Furthermore, add the
tsd_booted_get() function so that tsdn_fetch() can probe whether tsd
bootstrapping is complete and return NULL if not. All dangerous
conversions of nullable pointers are tsdn_tsd() calls that assert-fail
on invalid conversion.
This is a broader application of optimizations to malloc() and free() in
f4a0f32d34 (Fast-path improvement:
reduce # of branches and unnecessary operations.).
This resolves#321.
Split arena_choose() into arena_[i]choose() and use arena_ichoose() for
arena lookup during internal allocation. This fixes huge_palloc() so
that it always succeeds during extent node allocation.
This regression was introduced by
66cd953514 (Do not allocate metadata via
non-auto arenas, nor tcaches.).
Change test-related mangling to simplify symbol filtering.
The following commands can be used to detect missing/obsolete symbol
mangling, with the caveat that the full set of symbols is based on the
union of symbols generated by all configurations, some of which are
platform-specific:
./autogen.sh --enable-debug --enable-prof --enable-lazy-lock
make all tests
nm -a lib/libjemalloc.a src/*.jet.o \
|grep " [TDBCR] " \
|awk '{print $3}' \
|sed -e 's/^\(je_\|jet_\(n_\)\?\)\([a-zA-Z0-9_]*\)/\3/g' \
|LC_COLLATE=C sort -u \
|grep -v \
-e '^\(malloc\|calloc\|posix_memalign\|aligned_alloc\|realloc\|free\)$' \
-e '^\(m\|r\|x\|s\|d\|sd\|n\)allocx$' \
-e '^mallctl\(\|nametomib\|bymib\)$' \
-e '^malloc_\(stats_print\|usable_size\|message\)$' \
-e '^\(memalign\|valloc\)$' \
-e '^__\(malloc\|memalign\|realloc\|free\)_hook$' \
-e '^pthread_create$' \
> /tmp/private_symbols.txt
During over-allocation in preparation for creating aligned mappings,
allocate one more page than necessary if PAGE is the actual page size,
so that trimming still succeeds even if the system returns a mapping
that has less than PAGE alignment. This allows compiling with e.g. 64
KiB "pages" on systems that actually use 4 KiB pages.
Note that for e.g. --with-lg-page=21, it is also necessary to increase
the chunk size (e.g. --with-malloc-conf=lg_chunk:22) so that there are
at least two "pages" per chunk. In practice this isn't a particularly
compelling configuration because so much (unusable) virtual memory is
dedicated to chunk headers.
Refactor ph to support configurable comparison functions. Use a cpp
macro code generation form equivalent to the rb macros so that pairing
heaps can be used for both run heaps and chunk heaps.
Remove per node parent pointers, and instead use leftmost siblings' prev
pointers to track parents.
Fix multi-pass sibling merging to iterate over intermediate results
using a FIFO, rather than a LIFO. Use this fixed sibling merging
implementation for both merge phases of the auxiliary twopass algorithm
(first merging the aux list, then replacing the root with its merged
children). This fixes both degenerate merge behavior and the potential
for deep recursion.
This regression was introduced by
6bafa6678f (Pairing heap).
This resolves#371.
Move chunk_dalloc_arena()'s implementation into chunk_dalloc_wrapper(),
so that if the dalloc hook fails, proper decommit/purge/retain cascading
occurs. This fixes three potential chunk leaks on OOM paths, one during
dss-based chunk allocation, one during chunk header commit (currently
relevant only on Windows), and one during rtree write (e.g. if rtree
node allocation fails).
Merge chunk_purge_arena() into chunk_purge_default() (refactor, no
change to functionality).
Use pairing heap instead of red black tree in arena runs_avail. The
extra links are unioned with the bitmap_t, so this change doesn't use
any extra memory.
Canaries show this change to be a 1% cpu win, and 2% latency win. In
particular, large free()s, and small bin frees are now O(1) (barring
coalescing).
I also tested changing bin->runs to be a pairing heap, but saw a much
smaller win, and it would mean increasing the size of arena_run_s by two
pointers, so I left that as an rb-tree for now.
Add a cast to avoid comparing a ssize_t value to a uint64_t value that
is always larger than a 32-bit ssize_t. This silences an innocuous
compiler warning from e.g. gcc 4.2.1 about the comparison always having
the same result.
Add missing stats.arenas.<i>.{dss,lg_dirty_mult,decay_time}
initialization.
Fix stats.arenas.<i>.{pactive,pdirty} to read under the protection of
the arena mutex.
Fix stats.cactive accounting to always increase/decrease by multiples of
the chunk size, even for huge size classes that are not multiples of the
chunk size, e.g. {2.5, 3, 3.5, 5, 7} MiB with 2 MiB chunk size. This
regression was introduced by 155bfa7da1
(Normalize size classes.) and first released in 4.0.0.
This resolves#336.
This removes an implicit conversion from size_t to ssize_t. For cactive
decreases, the size_t value was intentionally underflowed to generate
"negative" values (actually positive values above the positive range of
ssize_t), and the conversion to ssize_t was undefined according to C
language semantics.
This regression was perpetuated by
1522937e9c (Fix the cactive statistic.)
and first release in 4.0.0, which in retrospect only fixed one of two
problems introduced by aa5113b1fd
(Refactor overly large/complex functions) and first released in 3.5.0.
Refactor the arenas array, which contains pointers to all extant arenas,
such that it starts out as a sparse array of maximum size, and use
double-checked atomics-based reads as the basis for fast and simple
arena_get(). Additionally, reduce arenas_lock's role such that it only
protects against arena initalization races. These changes remove the
possibility for arena lookups to trigger locking, which resolves at
least one known (fork-related) deadlock.
This resolves#315.
Fix arena_size arena_new() computation to incorporate
runs_avail_nclasses elements for runs_avail, rather than
(runs_avail_nclasses - 1) elements. Since offsetof(arena_t, runs_avail)
is used rather than sizeof(arena_t) for the first term of the
computation, all of the runs_avail elements must be added into the
second term.
This bug was introduced (by Jason Evans) while merging pull request #330
as 3417a304cc (Separate arena_avail
trees).
Merge of 3417a304cc looks like a small
bug: first_best_fit doesn't scan through all the classes, since ind is
offset from runs_avail_nclasses by run_avail_bias.
Separate run trees by index, replacing the previous quantize logic.
Quantization by index is now performed only on insertion / removal from
the tree, and not on node comparison, saving some cpu. This also means
we don't have to dereference the miscelm* pointers, saving half of the
memory loads from miscelms/mapbits that have fallen out of cache. A
linear scan of the indicies appears to be fast enough.
The only cost of this is an extra tree array in each arena.
In practice this bug had limited impact (and then only by increasing
chunk fragmentation) because run_quantize_ceil() returned correct
results except for inputs that could only arise from aligned allocation
requests that required more than page alignment.
This bug existed in the original run quantization implementation, which
was introduced by 8a03cf039c (Implement
cache index randomization for large allocations.).
Use a single uint64_t in nstime_t to store nanoseconds rather than using
struct timespec. This reduces fragility around conversions between long
and uint64_t, especially missing casts that only cause problems on
32-bit platforms.
This is an alternative to the existing ratio-based unused dirty page
purging, and is intended to eventually become the sole purging
mechanism.
Add mallctls:
- opt.purge
- opt.decay_time
- arena.<i>.decay
- arena.<i>.decay_time
- arenas.decay_time
- stats.arenas.<i>.decay_time
This resolves#325.
- Combine multiple runtime branches into a single malloc_slow check.
- Avoid calling arena_choose / size2index / index2size on fast path.
- A few micro optimizations.
Fix xallocx(..., MALLOCX_ZERO to zero the last full trailing page of
large allocations that have been randomly assigned an offset of 0 when
--enable-cache-oblivious configure option is enabled. This addresses a
special case missed in d260f442ce (Fix
xallocx(..., MALLOCX_ZERO) bugs.).
