This can be useful when you know you want to override some lower-priority
configuration setting with its default value, but don't know what that value
would be.
I.e. set dopts->zero early on if opt.zero is true, rather than leaving it set by
the entry-point function (malloc, calloc, etc.) and then memsetting. This
avoids situations where we zero once in the large-alloc pathway and then again
via memset.
This lets us put more allocations on an "almost as fast" path after a flush.
This results in around a 4% reduction in malloc cycles in prod workloads
(corresponding to about a 0.1% reduction in overall cycles).
This is debug only and we keep it off the fast path. Moving it here simplifies
the internal logic.
This never tries to junk on regions that were shrunk via xallocx. I think this
is fine for two reasons:
- The shrunk-with-xallocx case is rare.
- We don't always do that anyway before this diff (it depends on the opt
settings and extent hooks in effect).
Make the event module to accept two event types, and pass around the event
context. Use bytes-based events to trigger tcache GC on deallocation, and get
rid of the tcache ticker.
Add options stats_interval and stats_interval_opts to allow interval based stats
printing. This provides an easy way to collect stats without code changes,
because opt.stats_print may not work (some binaries never exit).
Fold the tsd_state check onto the event threshold check. The fast threshold is
set to 0 when tsd switch to non-nominal.
The fast_threshold can be reset by remote threads, to refect the non nominal tsd
state change.
Develop new data structure and code logic for holding profiling
related information stored in the extent that may be needed after the
extent is released, which in particular is the case for the
reallocation code path (e.g. in `rallocx()` and `xallocx()`). The
data structure is a generalization of `prof_tctx_t`: we previously
only copy out the `prof_tctx` before the extent is released, but we
may be in need of additional fields. Currently the only additional
field is the allocation time field, but there may be more fields in
the future.
The restructuring also resolved a bug: `prof_realloc()` mistakenly
passed the new `ptr` to `prof_free_sampled_object()`, but passing in
the `old_ptr` would crash because it's already been released. Now
the essential profiling information is collectively copied out early
and safely passed to `prof_free_sampled_object()` after the extent is
released.
`tcache_bin_info` is not accessed on malloc fast path but the
compiler reserves a register for it, as well as an additional
register for `tcache_bin_info[ind].stack_size`. The optimization
gets rid of the need for the two registers.
The bug is subtle but critical: if application performs the following
three actions in sequence: (a) turn `prof_active` off, (b) make at
least one allocation that triggers the malloc slow path via the
`if (unlikely(bytes_until_sample < 0))` path, and (c) turn
`prof_active` back on, then the application would never get another
sample (until a very very long time later).
The fix is to properly reset `bytes_until_sample` rather than
throwing it all the way to `SSIZE_MAX`.
A side minor change is to call `prof_active_get_unlocked()` rather
than directly grabbing the `prof_active` variable - it is the very
reason why we defined the `prof_active_get_unlocked()` function.
Implement the pointer-based metadata for tcache bins --
- 3 pointers are maintained to represent each bin;
- 2 of the pointers are compressed on 64-bit;
- is_full / is_empty done through pointer comparison;
Comparing to the previous counter based design --
- fast-path speed up ~15% in benchmarks
- direct pointer comparison and de-reference
- no need to access tcache_bin_info in common case
Without buffering `malloc_stats_print` would invoke the write back
call (which could mean an expensive `malloc_write_fd` call) for every
single `printf` (including printing each line break and each leading
tab/space for indentation).
If the confirm_conf option is set, when the program starts, each of
the four malloc_conf strings will be printed, and each option will
be printed when being set.
Summary: sdallocx is checking a flag that will never be set (at least in the provided C++ destructor implementation). This branch will probably only rarely be mispredicted however it removes two instructions in sdallocx and one at the callsite (to zero out flags).
This feature uses an dedicated arena to handle huge requests, which
significantly improves VM fragmentation. In production workload we tested it
often reduces VM size by >30%.
For low arena count settings, the huge threshold feature may trigger an unwanted
bg thd creation. Given that the huge arena does eager purging by default,
bypass bg thd creation when initializing the huge arena.
This makes it possible to have multiple set of bins in an arena, which improves
arena scalability because the bins (especially the small ones) are always the
limiting factor in production workload.
A bin shard is picked on allocation; each extent tracks the bin shard id for
deallocation. The shard size will be determined using runtime options.
Add unsized and sized deallocation fastpaths. Similar to the malloc()
fastpath, this removes all frame manipulation for the majority of
free() calls. The performance advantages here are less than that
of the malloc() fastpath, but from prod tests seems to still be half
a percent or so of improvement.
Stats and sampling a both supported (sdallocx needs a sampling check,
for rtree lookups slab will only be set for unsampled objects).
We don't support flush, any flush requests go to the slowpath.
This diff adds a fastpath that assumes size <= SC_LOOKUP_MAXCLASS, and
that we hit tcache. If either of these is false, we fall back to
the previous codepath (renamed 'malloc_default').
Crucially, we only tail call malloc_default, and with the same kind
and number of arguments, so that both clang and gcc tail-calling
will kick in - therefore malloc() gets treated as a leaf function,
and there are *no* caller-saved registers. Previously malloc() contained
5 caller saved registers on x64, resulting in at least 10 extra
memory-movement instructions.
In microbenchmarks this results in up to ~10% improvement in malloc()
fastpath. In real programs, this is a ~1% CPU and latency improvement
overall.
The experimental `smallocx` API is not exposed via header files,
requiring the users to peek at `jemalloc`'s source code to manually
add the external declarations to their own programs.
This should reinforce that `smallocx` is experimental, and that `jemalloc`
does not offer any kind of backwards compatiblity or ABI gurantees for it.
---
Motivation:
This new experimental memory-allocaction API returns a pointer to
the allocation as well as the usable size of the allocated memory
region.
The `s` in `smallocx` stands for `sized`-`mallocx`, attempting to
convey that this API returns the size of the allocated memory region.
It should allow C++ P0901r0 [0] and Rust Alloc::alloc_excess to make
use of it.
The main purpose of these APIs is to improve telemetry. It is more accurate
to register `smallocx(size, flags)` than `smallocx(nallocx(size), flags)`,
for example. The latter will always line up perfectly with the existing
size classes, causing a loss of telemetry information about the internal
fragmentation induced by potentially poor size-classes choices.
Instrumenting `nallocx` does not help much since user code can cache its
result and use it repeatedly.
---
Implementation:
The implementation adds a new `usize` option to `static_opts_s` and an `usize`
variable to `dynamic_opts_s`. These are then used to cache the result of
`sz_index2size` and similar functions in the code paths in which they are
unconditionally invoked. In the code-paths in which these functions are not
unconditionally invoked, `smallocx` calls, as opposed to `mallocx`, these
functions explicitly.
---
[0]: http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2018/p0901r0.html
In case of multithreaded fork, we want to leave the child in a reasonable state,
in which tsd_nominal_tsds is either empty or contains only the forking thread.
The global data is mostly only used at initialization, or for easy access to
values we could compute statically. Instead of consuming that space (and
risking TLB misses), we can just pass around a pointer to stack data during
bootstrapping.
The largest small class, smallest large class, and largest large class may all
be needed down fast paths; to avoid the risk of touching another cache line, we
can make them available as constants.
I.e., parse before booting the bin module or sz module. This lets us tweak size
class settings before committing to them by letting them leak into other
modules.
This commit does not actually do any tweaking of the size classes; it *just*
chanchanges bootstrapping order; this may help bisecting any bootstrapping
failures on poorly-tested architectures.
