Looking at the thread counts in our services, jemalloc's background thread
is useful, but mostly idle. Add a config option to tune down the number of threads.
"always" marks all user mappings as MADV_HUGEPAGE; while "never" marks all
mappings as MADV_NOHUGEPAGE. The default setting "default" does not change any
settings. Note that all the madvise calls are part of the default extent hooks
by design, so that customized extent hooks have complete control over the
mappings including hugepage settings.
When allocating from dirty extents (which we always prefer if available), large
active extents can get split even if the new allocation is much smaller, in
which case the introduced fragmentation causes high long term damage. This new
option controls the threshold to reuse and split an existing active extent. We
avoid using a large extent for much smaller sizes, in order to reduce
fragmentation. In some workload, adding the threshold improves virtual memory
usage by >10x.
To avoid the high RSS caused by THP + low usage arena (i.e. THP becomes a
significant percentage), added a new "auto" option which will only start using
THP after a base allocator used up the first THP region. Starting from the
second hugepage (in a single arena), "auto" behaves the same as "always",
i.e. madvise hugepage right away.
If ptr is not page aligned, we know the allocation was not sampled. In this case
use the size passed into sdallocx directly w/o accessing rtree. This improve
sdallocx efficiency in the common case (not sampled && small allocation).
Currently we have to log by writing something like:
static log_var_t log_a_b_c = LOG_VAR_INIT("a.b.c");
log (log_a_b_c, "msg");
This is sort of annoying. Let's just write:
log("a.b.c", "msg");
Currently, the log macro requires at least one argument after the format string,
because of the way the preprocessor handles varargs macros. We can hide some of
that irritation by pushing the extra arguments into a varargs function.
We use the minimal_initilized tsd (which requires no cleanup) for free()
specifically, if tsd hasn't been initialized yet.
Any other activity will transit the state from minimal to normal. This is to
workaround the case where a thread has no malloc calls in its lifetime until
during thread termination, free() happens after tls destructors.
Avoid holding arenas_lock and background_thread_lock when creating background
threads, because pthread_create may take internal locks, and potentially cause
deadlock with jemalloc internal locks.
Added opt.background_thread to enable background threads, which handles purging
currently. When enabled, decay ticks will not trigger purging (which will be
left to the background threads). We limit the max number of threads to NCPUs.
When percpu arena is enabled, set CPU affinity for the background threads as
well.
The sleep interval of background threads is dynamic and determined by computing
number of pages to purge in the future (based on backlog).
This lets us specify whether and how mutexes of the same rank are allowed to be
acquired. Currently, we only allow two polices (only a single mutex at a given
rank at a time, and mutexes acquired in ascending order), but we can plausibly
allow more (e.g. the "release uncontended mutexes before blocking").
Support millisecond resolution for decay times. Among other use cases
this makes it possible to specify a short initial dirty-->muzzy decay
phase, followed by a longer muzzy-->clean decay phase.
This resolves#812.
Rather than using a manually maintained list of internal symbols to
drive name mangling, add a compilation phase to automatically extract
the list of internal symbols.
This resolves#677.
This removes the tsd macros (which are used only for tsd_t in real builds). We
break up the circular dependencies involving tsd.
We also move all tsd access through getters and setters. This allows us to
assert that we only touch data when tsd is in a valid state.
We simplify the usages of the x macro trick, removing all the customizability
(get/set, init, cleanup), moving the lifetime logic to tsd_init and tsd_cleanup.
This lets us make initialization order independent of order within tsd_t.
Control use of munmap(2) via a run-time option rather than a
compile-time option (with the same per platform default). The old
behavior of --disable-munmap can be achieved with
--with-malloc-conf=munmap:false.
This partially resolves#580.
This can catch bugs in which one header defines a numeric constant, and another
uses it without including the defining header. Undefined preprocessor symbols
expand to '0', so that this will compile fine, silently doing the math wrong.
Continue to use ivsalloc() when --enable-debug is specified (and add
assertions to guard against 0 size), but stop providing a documented
explicit semantics-changing band-aid to dodge undefined behavior in
sallocx() and malloc_usable_size(). ivsalloc() remains compiled in,
unlike when #211 restored --enable-ivsalloc, and if
JEMALLOC_FORCE_IVSALLOC is defined during compilation, sallocx() and
malloc_usable_size() will still use ivsalloc().
This partially resolves#580.
Simplify configuration by removing the --disable-tcache option, but
replace the testing for that configuration with
--with-malloc-conf=tcache:false.
Fix the thread.arena and thread.tcache.flush mallctls to work correctly
if tcache is disabled.
This partially resolves#580.
All mappings continue to be PAGE-aligned, even if the system page size
is smaller. This change is primarily intended to provide a mechanism
for supporting multiple page sizes with the same binary; smaller page
sizes work better in conjunction with jemalloc's design.
This resolves#467.
Previously we had a general detection and support of reentrancy, at the cost of
having branches and inc / dec operations on fast paths. To avoid taxing fast
paths, we move the reentrancy operations onto tsd slow state, and only modify
reentrancy level around external calls (that might trigger reentrancy).
Added tsd_state_nominal_slow, which on fast path malloc() incorporates
tcache_enabled check, and on fast path free() bundles both malloc_slow and
tcache_enabled branches.
With this change, when profiling is enabled, we avoid doing redundant rtree
lookups. Also changed dalloc_atx_t to alloc_atx_t, as it's now used on
allocation path as well (to speed up profiling).
This is a biggy. jemalloc_internal.h has been doing multiple jobs for a while
now:
- The source of system-wide definitions.
- The catch-all include file.
- The module header file for jemalloc.c
This commit splits up this functionality. The system-wide definitions
responsibility has moved to jemalloc_preamble.h. The catch-all include file is
now jemalloc_internal_includes.h. The module headers for jemalloc.c are now in
jemalloc_internal_[externs|inlines|types].h, just as they are for the other
modules.
This checks whether or not we're reentrant using thread-local data, and, if we
are, moves certain internal allocations to use arena 0 (which should be properly
initialized after bootstrapping).
The immediate thing this allows is spinning up threads in arena_new, which will
enable spinning up background threads there.
The embedded tcache is initialized upon tsd initialization. The avail arrays
for the tbins will be allocated / deallocated accordingly during init / cleanup.
With this change, the pointer to the auto tcache will always be available, as
long as we have access to the TSD. tcache_available() (called in tcache_get())
is provided to check if we should use tcache.
Split decay-based purging into two phases, the first of which uses lazy
purging to convert dirty pages to "muzzy", and the second of which uses
forced purging, decommit, or unmapping to convert pages to clean or
destroy them altogether. Not all operating systems support lazy
purging, yet the application may provide extent hooks that implement
lazy purging, so care must be taken to dynamically omit the first phase
when necessary.
The mallctl interfaces change as follows:
- opt.decay_time --> opt.{dirty,muzzy}_decay_time
- arena.<i>.decay_time --> arena.<i>.{dirty,muzzy}_decay_time
- arenas.decay_time --> arenas.{dirty,muzzy}_decay_time
- stats.arenas.<i>.pdirty --> stats.arenas.<i>.p{dirty,muzzy}
- stats.arenas.<i>.{npurge,nmadvise,purged} -->
stats.arenas.<i>.{dirty,muzzy}_{npurge,nmadvise,purged}
This resolves#521.
The new feature, opt.percpu_arena, determines thread-arena association
dynamically based CPU id. Three modes are supported: "percpu", "phycpu"
and disabled.
"percpu" uses the current core id (with help from sched_getcpu())
directly as the arena index, while "phycpu" will assign threads on the
same physical CPU to the same arena. In other words, "percpu" means # of
arenas == # of CPUs, while "phycpu" has # of arenas == 1/2 * (# of
CPUs). Note that no runtime check on whether hyper threading is enabled
is added yet.
When enabled, threads will be migrated between arenas when a CPU change
is detected. In the current design, to reduce overhead from reading CPU
id, each arena tracks the thread accessed most recently. When a new
thread comes in, we will read CPU id and update arena if necessary.
When witness is enabled, lock rank order needs to be preserved during
prefork, not only for each arena, but also across arenas. This change
breaks arena_prefork into further stages to ensure valid rank order
across arenas. Also changed test/unit/fork to use a manual arena to
catch this case.
This fixes tcache_flush for manual tcaches, which wasn't able to find
the correct arena it associated with. Also changed the decay test to
cover this case (by using manually created arenas).
Fix compute_size_with_overflow() to use a high_bits mask that has the
high bits set, rather than the low bits. This regression was introduced
by 5154ff32ee (Unify the allocation
paths).
Synchronize tcaches with tcaches_mtx rather than ctl_mtx. Add missing
synchronization for tcache flushing. This bug was introduced by
1cb181ed63 (Implement explicit tcache
support.), which was first released in 4.0.0.
In the refactoring that unified the allocation paths, usize was substituted for
size. This worked fine under the default test configuration, but triggered
asserts when we started beefing up our CI testing.
This change fixes the issue, and clarifies the comment describing the argument
selection that it got wrong.
Avoid the name secure_getenv to avoid redeclaring secure_getenv when
secure_getenv is present but its use is manually disabled via
ac_cv_func_secure_getenv=no.
This unifies the allocation paths for malloc, posix_memalign, aligned_alloc,
calloc, memalign, valloc, and mallocx, so that they all share common code where
they can.
There's more work that could be done here, but I think this is the smallest
discrete change in this direction.
Add/rename related mallctls:
- Add stats.arenas.<i>.base .
- Rename stats.arenas.<i>.metadata to stats.arenas.<i>.internal .
- Add stats.arenas.<i>.resident .
Modify the arenas.extend mallctl to take an optional (extent_hooks_t *)
argument so that it is possible for all base allocations to be serviced
by the specified extent hooks.
This resolves#463.
Some versions of Android provide a pthreads library without providing
pthread_atfork(), so in practice a separate feature test is necessary
for the latter.
Add an "over-size" extent heap in which to store extents which exceed
the maximum size class (plus cache-oblivious padding, if enabled).
Remove psz2ind_clamp() and use psz2ind() instead so that trying to
allocate the maximum size class can in principle succeed. In practice,
this allows assertions to hold so that OOM errors can be successfully
generated.
This works around malloc_conf not being properly initialized by at least
the cygwin toolchain. Prior build system changes to use
-Wl,--[no-]whole-archive may be necessary for malloc_conf resolution to
work properly as a non-weak symbol (not tested).
This is generally correct (no need for weak symbols since no jemalloc
library is involved in the link phase), and avoids linking problems
(apparently unininitialized non-NULL malloc_conf) when using cygwin with
gcc.
glibc defines its malloc implementation with several weak and strong
symbols:
strong_alias (__libc_calloc, __calloc) weak_alias (__libc_calloc, calloc)
strong_alias (__libc_free, __cfree) weak_alias (__libc_free, cfree)
strong_alias (__libc_free, __free) strong_alias (__libc_free, free)
strong_alias (__libc_malloc, __malloc) strong_alias (__libc_malloc, malloc)
The issue is not with the weak symbols, but that other parts of glibc
depend on __libc_malloc explicitly. Defining them in terms of jemalloc
API's allows the linker to drop glibc's malloc.o completely from the link,
and static linking no longer results in symbol collisions.
Another wrinkle: jemalloc during initialization calls sysconf to
get the number of CPU's. GLIBC allocates for the first time before
setting up isspace (and other related) tables, which are used by
sysconf. Instead, use the pthread API to get the number of
CPUs with GLIBC, which seems to work.
This resolves#442.
Rather than protecting dss operations with a mutex, use atomic
operations. This has negligible impact on synchronization overhead
during typical dss allocation, but is a substantial improvement for
extent_in_dss() and the newly added extent_dss_mergeable(), which can be
called multiple times during extent deallocations.
This change also has the advantage of avoiding tsd in deallocation paths
associated with purging, which resolves potential deadlocks during
thread exit due to attempted tsd resurrection.
This resolves#425.
Add spin_t and spin_{init,adaptive}(), which provide a simple
abstraction for adaptive spinning.
Adaptively spin during busy waits in bootstrapping and rtree node
initialization.
rallocx() for an alignment-constrained request may end up with a
smaller-than-worst-case size if in-place reallocation succeeds due to
serendipitous alignment. In such cases, sampling may not happen.
Look up chunk metadata via the radix tree, rather than using
CHUNK_ADDR2BASE().
Propagate pointer's containing extent.
Minimize extent lookups by doing a single lookup (e.g. in free()) and
propagating the pointer's extent into nearly all the functions that may
need it.
Use pszind_t size classes rather than szind_t size classes, and always
reserve space for NPSIZES elements. This removes unused heaps that are
not multiples of the page size, and adds (currently) unused heaps for
all huge size classes, with the immediate benefit that the size of
arena_t allocations is constant (no longer dependent on chunk size).
These compute size classes and indices similarly to size2index(),
index2size() and s2u(), respectively, but using the subset of size
classes that are multiples of the page size. Note that pszind_t and
szind_t are not interchangeable.
b2c0d6322d (Add witness, a simple online
locking validator.) caused a broad propagation of tsd throughout the
internal API, but tsd_fetch() was designed to fail prior to tsd
bootstrapping. Fix this by splitting tsd_t into non-nullable tsd_t and
nullable tsdn_t, and modifying all internal APIs that do not critically
rely on tsd to take nullable pointers. Furthermore, add the
tsd_booted_get() function so that tsdn_fetch() can probe whether tsd
bootstrapping is complete and return NULL if not. All dangerous
conversions of nullable pointers are tsdn_tsd() calls that assert-fail
on invalid conversion.
This is a broader application of optimizations to malloc() and free() in
f4a0f32d34 (Fast-path improvement:
reduce # of branches and unnecessary operations.).
This resolves#321.
If the OS overcommits:
- Commit all mappings in pages_map() regardless of whether the caller
requested committed memory.
- Linux-specific: Specify MAP_NORESERVE to avoid
unfortunate interactions with heuristic overcommit mode during
fork(2).
This resolves#193.
Prior to 767d85061a (Refactor arenas array
(fixes deadlock).), it was possible under some circumstances for
arena_get() to trigger recreation of the arenas cache during tsd
cleanup, and the arenas cache would then be leaked. In principle a
similar issue could still occur as a side effect of decay-based purging,
which calls arena_tdata_get(). Fix arenas_tdata_cleanup() by setting
tsd->arenas_tdata_bypass to true, so that arena_tdata_get() will
gracefully fail (an expected behavior) rather than recreating
tsd->arena_tdata.
Reported by Christopher Ferris <cferris@google.com>.
Add HUGE_MAXCLASS overflow checks that are specific to heap profiling
code paths. This fixes test failures that were introduced by
0c516a00c4 (Make *allocx() size class
overflow behavior defined.).
Refactor the arenas array, which contains pointers to all extant arenas,
such that it starts out as a sparse array of maximum size, and use
double-checked atomics-based reads as the basis for fast and simple
arena_get(). Additionally, reduce arenas_lock's role such that it only
protects against arena initalization races. These changes remove the
possibility for arena lookups to trigger locking, which resolves at
least one known (fork-related) deadlock.
This resolves#315.
Use a single uint64_t in nstime_t to store nanoseconds rather than using
struct timespec. This reduces fragility around conversions between long
and uint64_t, especially missing casts that only cause problems on
32-bit platforms.
This is an alternative to the existing ratio-based unused dirty page
purging, and is intended to eventually become the sole purging
mechanism.
Add mallctls:
- opt.purge
- opt.decay_time
- arena.<i>.decay
- arena.<i>.decay_time
- arenas.decay_time
- stats.arenas.<i>.decay_time
This resolves#325.
When using LinuxThreads, malloc bootstrapping deadlocks, since
malloc_tsd_boot0() ends up calling pthread_setspecific(), which causes
recursive allocation. Fix it by moving the malloc_tsd_boot0() call to
malloc_init_hard_recursible().
The deadlock was introduced by 8bb3198f72
(Refactor/fix arenas manipulation.), when tsd_boot() was split and the
top half, tsd_boot0(), got an extra tsd_wrapper_set() call.
- Combine multiple runtime branches into a single malloc_slow check.
- Avoid calling arena_choose / size2index / index2size on fast path.
- A few micro optimizations.
Simplify imallocx_prof_sample() to always operate on usize rather than
sometimes using size. This avoids redundant usize computations and
more closely fits the style adopted by i[rx]allocx_prof_sample() to fix
sampling bugs.
Fix ixallocx_prof_sample() to never modify nor create sampled small
allocations. xallocx() is in general incapable of moving small
allocations, so this fix removes buggy code without loss of generality.
