gnzlbg 08260a6b94 Add experimental API: smallocx_return_t smallocx(size, flags)
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Motivation:

This new experimental memory-allocaction API returns a pointer to
the allocation as well as the usable size of the allocated memory
region.

The `s` in `smallocx` stands for `sized`-`mallocx`, attempting to
convey that this API returns the size of the allocated memory region.

It should allow C++ P0901r0 [0] and Rust Alloc::alloc_excess to make
use of it.

The main purpose of these APIs is to improve telemetry. It is more accurate
to register `smallocx(size, flags)` than `smallocx(nallocx(size), flags)`,
for example. The latter will always line up perfectly with the existing
size classes, causing a loss of telemetry information about the internal
fragmentation induced by potentially poor size-classes choices.

Instrumenting `nallocx` does not help much since user code can cache its
result and use it repeatedly.

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Implementation:

The implementation adds a new `usize` option to `static_opts_s` and an `usize`
variable to `dynamic_opts_s`. These are then used to cache the result of
`sz_index2size` and similar functions in the code paths in which they are
unconditionally invoked. In the code-paths in which these functions are not
unconditionally invoked, `smallocx` calls, as opposed to `mallocx`, these
functions explicitly.

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[0]: http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2018/p0901r0.html
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jemalloc is a general purpose malloc(3) implementation that emphasizes
fragmentation avoidance and scalable concurrency support.  jemalloc first came
into use as the FreeBSD libc allocator in 2005, and since then it has found its
way into numerous applications that rely on its predictable behavior.  In 2010
jemalloc development efforts broadened to include developer support features
such as heap profiling and extensive monitoring/tuning hooks.  Modern jemalloc
releases continue to be integrated back into FreeBSD, and therefore versatility
remains critical.  Ongoing development efforts trend toward making jemalloc
among the best allocators for a broad range of demanding applications, and
eliminating/mitigating weaknesses that have practical repercussions for real
world applications.

The COPYING file contains copyright and licensing information.

The INSTALL file contains information on how to configure, build, and install
jemalloc.

The ChangeLog file contains a brief summary of changes for each release.

URL: http://jemalloc.net/
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