When allocating from dirty extents (which we always prefer if available), large
active extents can get split even if the new allocation is much smaller, in
which case the introduced fragmentation causes high long term damage. This new
option controls the threshold to reuse and split an existing active extent. We
avoid using a large extent for much smaller sizes, in order to reduce
fragmentation. In some workload, adding the threshold improves virtual memory
usage by >10x.
This option controls the max size when grow_retained. This is useful when we
have customized extent hooks reserving physical memory (e.g. 1G huge pages).
Without this feature, the default increasing sequence could result in fragmented
and wasted physical memory.
To avoid the high RSS caused by THP + low usage arena (i.e. THP becomes a
significant percentage), added a new "auto" option which will only start using
THP after a base allocator used up the first THP region. Starting from the
second hugepage (in a single arena), "auto" behaves the same as "always",
i.e. madvise hugepage right away.
As part of the metadata_thp support, We now have a separate swtich
(JEMALLOC_HAVE_MADVISE_HUGE) for MADV_HUGEPAGE availability. Use that instead
of JEMALLOC_THP (which doesn't guard pages_huge anymore) in tests.
Currently we have to log by writing something like:
static log_var_t log_a_b_c = LOG_VAR_INIT("a.b.c");
log (log_a_b_c, "msg");
This is sort of annoying. Let's just write:
log("a.b.c", "msg");
Currently, the log macro requires at least one argument after the format string,
because of the way the preprocessor handles varargs macros. We can hide some of
that irritation by pushing the extra arguments into a varargs function.
Forking a multithreaded process is dangerous but allowed, so long as the child
only executes async-signal-safe functions (e.g. exec). Add a test to ensure
that we don't break this behavior.
Add testing for background_thread:true, and condition a xallocx() -->
rallocx() escalation assertion to allow for spurious in-place rallocx()
following xallocx() failure.
Added opt.background_thread to enable background threads, which handles purging
currently. When enabled, decay ticks will not trigger purging (which will be
left to the background threads). We limit the max number of threads to NCPUs.
When percpu arena is enabled, set CPU affinity for the background threads as
well.
The sleep interval of background threads is dynamic and determined by computing
number of pages to purge in the future (based on backlog).
Instead of embedding a lock bit in rtree leaf elements, we associate extents
with a small set of mutexes. This gets us two things:
- We can use the system mutexes. This (hypothetically) protects us from
priority inversion, and lets us stop doing a backoff/sleep loop, instead
opting for precise wakeups from the mutex.
- Cuts down on the number of mutex acquisitions we have to do (from 4 in the
worst case to two).
We end up simplifying most of the rtree code (which no longer has to deal with
locking or concurrency at all), at the cost of additional complexity in the
extent code: since the mutex protecting the rtree leaf elements is determined by
reading the extent out of those elements, the initial read is racy, so that we
may acquire an out of date mutex. We re-check the extent in the leaf after
acquiring the mutex to protect us from this race.
Support millisecond resolution for decay times. Among other use cases
this makes it possible to specify a short initial dirty-->muzzy decay
phase, followed by a longer muzzy-->clean decay phase.
This resolves#812.
This removes the tsd macros (which are used only for tsd_t in real builds). We
break up the circular dependencies involving tsd.
We also move all tsd access through getters and setters. This allows us to
assert that we only touch data when tsd is in a valid state.
We simplify the usages of the x macro trick, removing all the customizability
(get/set, init, cleanup), moving the lifetime logic to tsd_init and tsd_cleanup.
This lets us make initialization order independent of order within tsd_t.
Add the extent_destroy_t extent destruction hook to extent_hooks_t, and
use it during arena destruction. This hook explicitly communicates to
the callee that the extent must be destroyed or tracked for later reuse,
lest it be permanently leaked. Prior to this change, retained extents
could unintentionally be leaked if extent retention was enabled.
This resolves#560.
Control use of munmap(2) via a run-time option rather than a
compile-time option (with the same per platform default). The old
behavior of --disable-munmap can be achieved with
--with-malloc-conf=munmap:false.
This partially resolves#580.
Simplify configuration by removing the --disable-tcache option, but
replace the testing for that configuration with
--with-malloc-conf=tcache:false.
Fix the thread.arena and thread.tcache.flush mallctls to work correctly
if tcache is disabled.
This partially resolves#580.
All mappings continue to be PAGE-aligned, even if the system page size
is smaller. This change is primarily intended to provide a mechanism
for supporting multiple page sizes with the same binary; smaller page
sizes work better in conjunction with jemalloc's design.
This resolves#467.
Some systems use a native 64 KiB page size, which means that the bitmap
for the smallest size class can be 8192 bits, not just 512 bits as when
the page size is 4 KiB. Linear search in bitmap_{sfu,ffu}() is
unacceptably slow for such large bitmaps.
This reverts commit 7c00f04ff4.
With this change, when profiling is enabled, we avoid doing redundant rtree
lookups. Also changed dalloc_atx_t to alloc_atx_t, as it's now used on
allocation path as well (to speed up profiling).
This is a biggy. jemalloc_internal.h has been doing multiple jobs for a while
now:
- The source of system-wide definitions.
- The catch-all include file.
- The module header file for jemalloc.c
This commit splits up this functionality. The system-wide definitions
responsibility has moved to jemalloc_preamble.h. The catch-all include file is
now jemalloc_internal_includes.h. The module headers for jemalloc.c are now in
jemalloc_internal_[externs|inlines|types].h, just as they are for the other
modules.
This checks whether or not we're reentrant using thread-local data, and, if we
are, moves certain internal allocations to use arena 0 (which should be properly
initialized after bootstrapping).
The immediate thing this allows is spinning up threads in arena_new, which will
enable spinning up background threads there.
The embedded tcache is initialized upon tsd initialization. The avail arrays
for the tbins will be allocated / deallocated accordingly during init / cleanup.
With this change, the pointer to the auto tcache will always be available, as
long as we have access to the TSD. tcache_available() (called in tcache_get())
is provided to check if we should use tcache.
This will facilitate embedding tcache into tsd, which will require proper
initialization cannot be done via the static initializer. Make tsd->rtree_ctx
to be initialized via rtree_ctx_data_init().
Remove tree-structured bitmap support, in order to reduce complexity and
ease maintenance. No bitmaps larger than 512 bits have been necessary
since before 4.0.0, and there is no current plan that would increase
maximum bitmap size. Although tree-structured bitmaps were used on
32-bit platforms prior to this change, the overall benefits were
questionable (higher metadata overhead, higher bitmap modification cost,
marginally lower search cost).
This fixes an extent searching regression on 32-bit systems, caused by
the initial bitmap_ffu() implementation in
c8021d01f6 (Implement bitmap_ffu(), which
finds the first unset bit.), as first used in
5d33233a5e (Use a bitmap in extents_t to
speed up search.).
Expand and restructure the rtree API such that all common operations can
be achieved with minimal work, regardless of whether the rtree leaf
fields are independent versus packed into a single atomic pointer.
This allows leaf elements to differ in size from internal node elements.
In principle it would be more correct to use a different type for each
level of the tree, but due to implementation details related to atomic
operations, we use casts anyway, thus counteracting the value of
additional type correctness. Furthermore, such a scheme would require
function code generation (via cpp macros), as well as either unwieldy
type names for leaves or type aliases, e.g.
typedef struct rtree_elm_d2_s rtree_leaf_elm_t;
This alternate strategy would be more correct, and with less code
duplication, but probably not worth the complexity.
Rather than storing usize only for large (and prof-promoted)
allocations, store the size class index for allocations that reside
within the extent, such that the size class index is valid for all
extents that contain extant allocations, and invalid otherwise (mainly
to make debugging simpler).
Split decay-based purging into two phases, the first of which uses lazy
purging to convert dirty pages to "muzzy", and the second of which uses
forced purging, decommit, or unmapping to convert pages to clean or
destroy them altogether. Not all operating systems support lazy
purging, yet the application may provide extent hooks that implement
lazy purging, so care must be taken to dynamically omit the first phase
when necessary.
The mallctl interfaces change as follows:
- opt.decay_time --> opt.{dirty,muzzy}_decay_time
- arena.<i>.decay_time --> arena.<i>.{dirty,muzzy}_decay_time
- arenas.decay_time --> arenas.{dirty,muzzy}_decay_time
- stats.arenas.<i>.pdirty --> stats.arenas.<i>.p{dirty,muzzy}
- stats.arenas.<i>.{npurge,nmadvise,purged} -->
stats.arenas.<i>.{dirty,muzzy}_{npurge,nmadvise,purged}
This resolves#521.
The new feature, opt.percpu_arena, determines thread-arena association
dynamically based CPU id. Three modes are supported: "percpu", "phycpu"
and disabled.
"percpu" uses the current core id (with help from sched_getcpu())
directly as the arena index, while "phycpu" will assign threads on the
same physical CPU to the same arena. In other words, "percpu" means # of
arenas == # of CPUs, while "phycpu" has # of arenas == 1/2 * (# of
CPUs). Note that no runtime check on whether hyper threading is enabled
is added yet.
When enabled, threads will be migrated between arenas when a CPU change
is detected. In the current design, to reduce overhead from reading CPU
id, each arena tracks the thread accessed most recently. When a new
thread comes in, we will read CPU id and update arena if necessary.
When witness is enabled, lock rank order needs to be preserved during
prefork, not only for each arena, but also across arenas. This change
breaks arena_prefork into further stages to ensure valid rank order
across arenas. Also changed test/unit/fork to use a manual arena to
catch this case.
This fixes tcache_flush for manual tcaches, which wasn't able to find
the correct arena it associated with. Also changed the decay test to
cover this case (by using manually created arenas).
These functions select the easiest-to-remove element in the heap, which
is either the most recently inserted aux list element or the root. If
no calls are made to first() or remove_first(), the behavior (and time
complexity) is the same as for a LIFO queue.
Fix the test_decay_ticker test to carefully control slab
creation/destruction such that the decay backlog reliably reaches zero.
Use an isolated arena so that no extraneous allocation can confuse the
situation. Speed up time during the latter part of the test so that the
entire decay time can expire in a reasonable amount of wall time.
This is the first header refactoring diff, #533. It splits the assert and util
components into separate, hermetic, header files. In the process, it splits out
two of the large sub-components of util (the stdio.h replacement, and bit
manipulation routines) into their own components (malloc_io.h and bit_util.h).
This is mostly to break up cyclic dependencies, but it also breaks off a good
chunk of the catch-all-ness of util, which is nice.
This introduces a backport of C11 atomics. It has four implementations; ranked
in order of preference, they are:
- GCC/Clang __atomic builtins
- GCC/Clang __sync builtins
- MSVC _Interlocked builtins
- C11 atomics, from <stdatomic.h>
The primary advantages are:
- Close adherence to the standard API gives us a defined memory model.
- Type safety: atomic objects are now separate types from non-atomic ones, so
that it's impossible to mix up atomic and non-atomic updates (which is
undefined behavior that compilers are starting to take advantage of).
- Efficiency: we can specify ordering for operations, avoiding fences and
atomic operations on strongly ordered architectures (example:
`atomic_write_u32(ptr, val);` involves a CAS loop, whereas
`atomic_store(ptr, val, ATOMIC_RELEASE);` is a plain store.
This diff leaves in the current atomics API (implementing them in terms of the
backport). This lets us transition uses over piecemeal.
Testing:
This is by nature hard to test. I've manually tested the first three options on
Linux on gcc by futzing with the #defines manually, on freebsd with gcc and
clang, on MSVC, and on OS X with clang. All of these were x86 machines though,
and we don't have any test infrastructure set up for non-x86 platforms.
malloc_conf does not reliably work with MSVC, which complains of
"inconsistent dll linkage", i.e. its inability to support the
application overriding malloc_conf when dynamically linking/loading.
Work around this limitation by adding test harness support for per test
shell script sourcing, and converting all tests to use MALLOC_CONF
instead of malloc_conf.
Rather than dynamically building a table to aid per level computations,
define a constant table at compile time. Omit both high and low
insignificant bits. Use one to three tree levels, depending on the
number of significant bits.
Refactor arena and extent locking protocols such that arena and
extent locks are never held when calling into the extent_*_wrapper()
API. This requires extra care during purging since the arena lock no
longer protects the inner purging logic. It also requires extra care to
protect extents from being merged with adjacent extents.
Convert extent_t's 'active' flag to an enumerated 'state', so that
retained extents are explicitly marked as such, rather than depending on
ring linkage state.
Refactor the extent collections (and their synchronization) for cached
and retained extents into extents_t. Incorporate LRU functionality to
support purging. Incorporate page count accounting, which replaces
arena->ndirty and arena->stats.retained.
Assert that no core locks are held when entering any internal
[de]allocation functions. This is in addition to existing assertions
that no locks are held when entering external [de]allocation functions.
Audit and document synchronization protocols for all arena_t fields.
This fixes a potential deadlock due to recursive allocation during
gdump, in a similar fashion to b49c649bc1
(Fix lock order reversal during gdump.), but with a necessarily much
broader code impact.
Implement and test a JSON validation parser. Use the parser to validate
JSON output from malloc_stats_print(), with a significant subset of
supported output options.
This resolves#551.
Mostly revert the prof_realloc() changes in
498856f44a (Move slabs out of chunks.) so
that prof_free_sampled_object() is called when appropriate. Leave the
prof_tctx_[re]set() optimization in place, but add an assertion to
verify that all eight cases are correctly handled. Add a comment to
make clear the code ordering, so that the regression originally fixed by
ea8d97b897 (Fix
prof_{malloc,free}_sample_object() call order in prof_realloc().) is not
repeated.
This resolves#499.
This is part of a broader change to make header files better represent the
dependencies between one another (see
https://github.com/jemalloc/jemalloc/issues/533). It breaks up component headers
into smaller parts that can be made to have a simpler dependency graph.
For the autogenerated headers (smoothstep.h and size_classes.h), no splitting
was necessary, so I didn't add support to emit multiple headers.
Move test extent hook code from the extent integration test into a
header, and normalize the out-of-band controls and introspection.
Also refactor the base unit test to use the header.
Add the MALLCTL_ARENAS_ALL cpp macro as a fixed index for use
in accessing the arena.<i>.{purge,decay,dss} and stats.arenas.<i>.*
mallctls, and deprecate access via the arenas.narenas index (to be
removed in 6.0.0).
Add/rename related mallctls:
- Add stats.arenas.<i>.base .
- Rename stats.arenas.<i>.metadata to stats.arenas.<i>.internal .
- Add stats.arenas.<i>.resident .
Modify the arenas.extend mallctl to take an optional (extent_hooks_t *)
argument so that it is possible for all base allocations to be serviced
by the specified extent hooks.
This resolves#463.
Split purging into lazy and forced variants. Use the forced variant for
zeroing dss.
Add support for NULL function pointers as an opt-out mechanism for the
dalloc, commit, decommit, purge_lazy, purge_forced, split, and merge
fields of extent_hooks_t.
Add short-circuiting checks in large_ralloc_no_move_{shrink,expand}() so
that no attempt is made if splitting/merging is not supported.
This resolves#268.
Add the --with-lg-hugepage configure option, but automatically configure
LG_HUGEPAGE even if it isn't specified.
Add the pages_[no]huge() functions, which toggle huge page state via
madvise(..., MADV_[NO]HUGEPAGE) calls.
Rewrite arena_slab_regind() to provide sufficient constant data for
the compiler to perform division strength reduction. This replaces
more general manual strength reduction that was implemented before
arena_bin_info was compile-time-constant. It would be possible to
slightly improve on the compiler-generated division code by taking
advantage of range limits that the compiler doesn't know about.
Adds cpp bindings for jemalloc, along with necessary autoconf settings.
This is mostly to add sized deallocation support, which can't be added
from C directly. Sized deallocation is ~10% microbench improvement.
* Import ax_cxx_compile_stdcxx.m4 from the autoconf repo, seems like the
easiest way to get c++14 detection.
* Adds various other changes, like CXXFLAGS, to configure.ac.
* Adds new rules to Makefile.in for src/jemalloc-cpp.cpp, and a basic
unittest.
* Both new and delete are overridden, to ensure jemalloc is used for
both.
* TODO future enhancement of avoiding extra PLT thunks for new and
delete - sdallocx and malloc are publicly exported jemalloc symbols,
using an alias would link them directly. Unfortunately, was having
trouble getting it to play nice with jemalloc's namespace support.
Testing:
Tested gcc 4.8, gcc 5, gcc 5.2, clang 4.0. Only gcc >= 5 has sized
deallocation support, verified that the rest build correctly.
Tested mac osx and Centos.
Tested --with-jemalloc-prefix and --without-export.
This resolves#202.
Add an "over-size" extent heap in which to store extents which exceed
the maximum size class (plus cache-oblivious padding, if enabled).
Remove psz2ind_clamp() and use psz2ind() instead so that trying to
allocate the maximum size class can in principle succeed. In practice,
this allows assertions to hold so that OOM errors can be successfully
generated.
rtree_node_init spinlocks the node, allocates, and then sets the node.
This is under heavy contention at the top of the tree if many threads
start to allocate at the same time.
Instead, take a per-rtree sleeping mutex to reduce spinning. Tested
both pthreads and osx OSSpinLock, and both reduce spinning adequately
Previous benchmark time:
./ttest1 500 100
~15s
New benchmark time:
./ttest1 500 100
.57s
Rather than protecting dss operations with a mutex, use atomic
operations. This has negligible impact on synchronization overhead
during typical dss allocation, but is a substantial improvement for
extent_in_dss() and the newly added extent_dss_mergeable(), which can be
called multiple times during extent deallocations.
This change also has the advantage of avoiding tsd in deallocation paths
associated with purging, which resolves potential deadlocks during
thread exit due to attempted tsd resurrection.
This resolves#425.
Instead, move the epoch backward in time. Additionally, add
nstime_monotonic() and use it in debug builds to assert that time only
goes backward if nstime_update() is using a non-monotonic time source.
pgi fails to compile math.c, reporting that `-INFINITY` in `pt_norm_expected[]`
is a "Non-constant" expression. A simplified version of this failure is:
```c
#include <math.h>
static double inf1, inf2 = INFINITY; // no complaints
static double inf3 = INFINITY; // suddenly INFINITY is "Non-constant"
int main() { }
```
```sh
PGC-S-0074-Non-constant expression in initializer (t.c: 4)
```
pgi errors on the declaration of inf3, and will compile fine if that line is
removed. I've reported this bug to pgi, but in the meantime I just switched to
using (DBL_MAX + DBL_MAX) to work around this bug.
Fix a fundamental extent_split_wrapper() bug in an error path.
Fix extent_recycle() to deregister unsplittable extents before leaking
them.
Relax xallocx() test assertions so that unsplittable extents don't cause
test failures.
With the removal of subchunk size class infrastructure, there are no
large size classes that are guaranteed to be re-expandable in place
unless munmap() is disabled. Work around these legitimate failures with
rallocx() fallback calls. If there were no test configuration for which
the xallocx() calls succeeded, it would be important to override the
extent hooks for testing purposes, but by default these tests don't use
the rallocx() fallbacks on Linux, so test coverage is still sufficient.
rtree-based extent lookups remain more expensive than chunk-based run
lookups, but with this optimization the fast path slowdown is ~3 CPU
cycles per metadata lookup (on Intel Core i7-4980HQ), versus ~11 cycles
prior. The path caching speedup tends to degrade gracefully unless
allocated memory is spread far apart (as is the case when using a
mixture of sbrk() and mmap()).
This makes it possible to acquire short-term "ownership" of rtree
elements so that it is possible to read an extent pointer *and* read the
extent's contents with a guarantee that the element will not be modified
until the ownership is released. This is intended as a mechanism for
resolving rtree read/write races rather than as a way to lock extents.
Use pszind_t size classes rather than szind_t size classes, and always
reserve space for NPSIZES elements. This removes unused heaps that are
not multiples of the page size, and adds (currently) unused heaps for
all huge size classes, with the immediate benefit that the size of
arena_t allocations is constant (no longer dependent on chunk size).
These compute size classes and indices similarly to size2index(),
index2size() and s2u(), respectively, but using the subset of size
classes that are multiples of the page size. Note that pszind_t and
szind_t are not interchangeable.
b2c0d6322d (Add witness, a simple online
locking validator.) caused a broad propagation of tsd throughout the
internal API, but tsd_fetch() was designed to fail prior to tsd
bootstrapping. Fix this by splitting tsd_t into non-nullable tsd_t and
nullable tsdn_t, and modifying all internal APIs that do not critically
rely on tsd to take nullable pointers. Furthermore, add the
tsd_booted_get() function so that tsdn_fetch() can probe whether tsd
bootstrapping is complete and return NULL if not. All dangerous
conversions of nullable pointers are tsdn_tsd() calls that assert-fail
on invalid conversion.
Depending on virtual memory resource limits, it is necessary to attempt
allocating three maximally sized objects to trigger OOM rather than just
two, since the maximum supported size is slightly less than half the
total virtual memory address space.
This fixes a test failure that was introduced by
0c516a00c4 (Make *allocx() size class
overflow behavior defined.).
This resolves#379.
Refactor ph to support configurable comparison functions. Use a cpp
macro code generation form equivalent to the rb macros so that pairing
heaps can be used for both run heaps and chunk heaps.
Remove per node parent pointers, and instead use leftmost siblings' prev
pointers to track parents.
Fix multi-pass sibling merging to iterate over intermediate results
using a FIFO, rather than a LIFO. Use this fixed sibling merging
implementation for both merge phases of the auxiliary twopass algorithm
(first merging the aux list, then replacing the root with its merged
children). This fixes both degenerate merge behavior and the potential
for deep recursion.
This regression was introduced by
6bafa6678f (Pairing heap).
This resolves#371.
Restructure the test program master header to avoid blindly enabling
assertions. Prior to this change, assertion code in e.g. arena.h was
always enabled for tests, which could skew performance-related testing.
Add (size_t) casts to MALLOCX_ALIGN() macros so that passing the integer
constant 0x80000000 does not cause a compiler warning about invalid
shift amount.
This resolves#354.
Add missing stats.arenas.<i>.{dss,lg_dirty_mult,decay_time}
initialization.
Fix stats.arenas.<i>.{pactive,pdirty} to read under the protection of
the arena mutex.
Use a single uint64_t in nstime_t to store nanoseconds rather than using
struct timespec. This reduces fragility around conversions between long
and uint64_t, especially missing casts that only cause problems on
32-bit platforms.
This is an alternative to the existing ratio-based unused dirty page
purging, and is intended to eventually become the sole purging
mechanism.
Add mallctls:
- opt.purge
- opt.decay_time
- arena.<i>.decay
- arena.<i>.decay_time
- arenas.decay_time
- stats.arenas.<i>.decay_time
This resolves#325.
Modify xallocx() tests that expect to expand in place to use a separate
arena. This avoids the potential for interposed internal allocations
from e.g. heap profile sampling to disrupt the tests.
This resolves#286.
Zero all trailing bytes of large allocations when
--enable-cache-oblivious configure option is enabled. This regression
was introduced by 8a03cf039c (Implement
cache index randomization for large allocations.).
Zero trailing bytes of huge allocations when resizing from/to a size
class that is not a multiple of the chunk size.
Fix heap profiling to distinguish among otherwise identical sample sites
with interposed resets (triggered via the "prof.reset" mallctl). This
bug could cause data structure corruption that would most likely result
in a segfault.
When junk filling is enabled, shrinking an allocation fills the bytes
that were previously allocated but now aren't. Purging the chunk before
doing that is just a waste of time.
This resolves#260.
Fix arenas_cache_cleanup() to handle allocation/deallocation within the
application's thread-specific data cleanup functions even after
arenas_cache is torn down.
Cascade from decommit to purge when purging unused dirty pages, so that
it is possible to decommit cleaned memory rather than just purging. For
non-Windows debug builds, decommit runs rather than purging them, since
this causes access of deallocated runs to segfault.
This resolves#251.
Add the "arena.<i>.chunk_hooks" mallctl, which replaces and expands on
the "arena.<i>.chunk.{alloc,dalloc,purge}" mallctls. The chunk hooks
allow control over chunk allocation/deallocation, decommit/commit,
purging, and splitting/merging, such that the application can rely on
jemalloc's internal chunk caching and retaining functionality, yet
implement a variety of chunk management mechanisms and policies.
Merge the chunks_[sz]ad_{mmap,dss} red-black trees into
chunks_[sz]ad_retained. This slightly reduces how hard jemalloc tries
to honor the dss precedence setting; prior to this change the precedence
setting was also consulted when recycling chunks.
Fix chunk purging. Don't purge chunks in arena_purge_stashed(); instead
deallocate them in arena_unstash_purged(), so that the dirty memory
linkage remains valid until after the last time it is used.
This resolves#176 and #201.
Fix huge_ralloc_no_move() to succeed if an allocation request results in
the same usable size as the existing allocation, even if the request
size is smaller than the usable size. This bug did not cause
correctness issues, but it could cause unnecessary moves during
reallocation.
Create and use FMT* macros that are equivalent to the PRI* macros that
inttypes.h defines. This allows uniform use of the Unix-specific format
specifiers, e.g. "%zu", as well as avoiding Windows-specific definitions
of e.g. PRIu64.
Add ffs()/ffsl() support for compiling with gcc.
Extract compatibility definitions of ENOENT, EINVAL, EAGAIN, EPERM,
ENOMEM, and ENORANGE into include/msvc_compat/windows_extra.h and
use the file for tests as well as for core jemalloc code.
Replace JEMALLOC_ATTR(format(printf, ...). with
JEMALLOC_FORMAT_PRINTF(), so that configuration feature tests can
omit the attribute if it would cause extraneous compilation warnings.
Add various function attributes to the exported functions to give the
compiler more information to work with during optimization, and also
specify throw() when compiling with C++ on Linux, in order to adequately
match what __THROW does in glibc.
This resolves#237.
Fix size class overflow handling for malloc(), posix_memalign(),
memalign(), calloc(), and realloc() when profiling is enabled.
Remove an assertion that erroneously caused arena_sdalloc() to fail when
profiling was enabled.
This resolves#232.
Add mallctls:
- arenas.lg_dirty_mult is initialized via opt.lg_dirty_mult, and can be
modified to change the initial lg_dirty_mult setting for newly created
arenas.
- arena.<i>.lg_dirty_mult controls an individual arena's dirty page
purging threshold, and synchronously triggers any purging that may be
necessary to maintain the constraint.
- arena.<i>.chunk.purge allows the per arena dirty page purging function
to be replaced.
This resolves#93.
Linux sets _POSIX_MONOTONIC_CLOCK to 0 meaning it *might* be available,
so a sysconf check is necessary at runtime with a fallback to the
mandatory CLOCK_REALTIME clock.
This regression was introduced by
88fef7ceda (Refactor huge_*() calls into
arena internals.), and went undetected because of the --enable-debug
regression.
Migrate all centralized data structures related to huge allocations and
recyclable chunks into arena_t, so that each arena can manage huge
allocations and recyclable virtual memory completely independently of
other arenas.
Add chunk node caching to arenas, in order to avoid contention on the
base allocator.
Use chunks_rtree to look up huge allocations rather than a red-black
tree. Maintain a per arena unsorted list of huge allocations (which
will be needed to enumerate huge allocations during arena reset).
Remove the --enable-ivsalloc option, make ivsalloc() always available,
and use it for size queries if --enable-debug is enabled. The only
practical implications to this removal are that 1) ivsalloc() is now
always available during live debugging (and the underlying radix tree is
available during core-based debugging), and 2) size query validation can
no longer be enabled independent of --enable-debug.
Remove the stats.chunks.{current,total,high} mallctls, and replace their
underlying statistics with simpler atomically updated counters used
exclusively for gdump triggering. These statistics are no longer very
useful because each arena manages chunks independently, and per arena
statistics provide similar information.
Simplify chunk synchronization code, now that base chunk allocation
cannot cause recursive lock acquisition.
Add the MALLOCX_TCACHE() and MALLOCX_TCACHE_NONE macros, which can be
used in conjunction with the *allocx() API.
Add the tcache.create, tcache.flush, and tcache.destroy mallctls.
This resolves#145.
Recent huge allocation refactoring associates huge allocations with
arenas, but it remains necessary to quickly look up huge allocation
metadata during reallocation/deallocation. A global radix tree remains
a good solution to this problem, but locking would have become the
primary bottleneck after (upcoming) migration of chunk management from
global to per arena data structures.
This lock-free implementation uses double-checked reads to traverse the
tree, so that in the steady state, each read or write requires only a
single atomic operation.
This implementation also assures that no more than two tree levels
actually exist, through a combination of careful virtual memory
allocation which makes large sparse nodes cheap, and skipping the root
node on x64 (possible because the top 16 bits are all 0 in practice).
This feature makes it possible to toggle the gdump feature on/off during
program execution, whereas the the opt.prof_dump mallctl value can only
be set during program startup.
This resolves#72.
In addition to true/false, opt.junk can now be either "alloc" or "free",
giving applications the possibility of junking memory only on allocation
or deallocation.
This resolves#172.
Add per size class huge allocation statistics, and normalize various
stats:
- Change the arenas.nlruns type from size_t to unsigned.
- Add the arenas.nhchunks and arenas.hchunks.<i>.size mallctl's.
- Replace the stats.arenas.<i>.bins.<j>.allocated mallctl with
stats.arenas.<i>.bins.<j>.curregs .
- Add the stats.arenas.<i>.hchunks.<j>.nmalloc,
stats.arenas.<i>.hchunks.<j>.ndalloc,
stats.arenas.<i>.hchunks.<j>.nrequests, and
stats.arenas.<i>.hchunks.<j>.curhchunks mallctl's.
Add:
--with-lg-page
--with-lg-page-sizes
--with-lg-size-class-group
--with-lg-quantum
Get rid of STATIC_PAGE_SHIFT, in favor of directly setting LG_PAGE.
Fix various edge conditions exposed by the configure options.
atexit(3) can deadlock internally during its own initialization if
jemalloc calls atexit() during jemalloc initialization. Mitigate the
impact by restructuring prof initialization to avoid calling atexit()
unless the registered function will actually dump a final heap profile.
Additionally, disable prof_final by default so that this land mine is
opt-in rather than opt-out.
This resolves#144.
This avoids grabbing the base mutex, as a step towards fine-grained
locking for huge allocations. The thread cache also provides a tiny
(~3%) improvement for serial huge allocations.
Abstract arenas access to use arena_get() (or a0get() where appropriate)
rather than directly reading e.g. arenas[ind]. Prior to the addition of
the arenas.extend mallctl, the worst possible outcome of directly
accessing arenas was a stale read, but arenas.extend may allocate and
assign a new array to arenas.
Add a tsd-based arenas_cache, which amortizes arenas reads. This
introduces some subtle bootstrapping issues, with tsd_boot() now being
split into tsd_boot[01]() to support tsd wrapper allocation
bootstrapping, as well as an arenas_cache_bypass tsd variable which
dynamically terminates allocation of arenas_cache itself.
Promote a0malloc(), a0calloc(), and a0free() to be generally useful for
internal allocation, and use them in several places (more may be
appropriate).
Abstract arena->nthreads management and fix a missing decrement during
thread destruction (recent tsd refactoring left arenas_cleanup()
unused).
Change arena_choose() to propagate OOM, and handle OOM in all callers.
This is important for providing consistent allocation behavior when the
MALLOCX_ARENA() flag is being used. Prior to this fix, it was possible
for an OOM to result in allocation silently allocating from a different
arena than the one specified.
Normalize size classes to use the same number of size classes per size
doubling (currently hard coded to 4), across the intire range of size
classes. Small size classes already used this spacing, but in order to
support this change, additional small size classes now fill [4 KiB .. 16
KiB). Large size classes range from [16 KiB .. 4 MiB). Huge size
classes now support non-multiples of the chunk size in order to fill (4
MiB .. 16 MiB).
This adds support for expanding huge allocations in-place by requesting
memory at a specific address from the chunk allocator.
It's currently only implemented for the chunk recycling path, although
in theory it could also be done by optimistically allocating new chunks.
On Linux, it could attempt an in-place mremap. However, that won't work
in practice since the heap is grown downwards and memory is not unmapped
(in a normal build, at least).
Repeated vector reallocation micro-benchmark:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void) {
for (size_t i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
void *ptr = NULL;
size_t old_size = 0;
for (size_t size = 4; size < (1 << 30); size *= 2) {
ptr = realloc(ptr, size);
if (!ptr) return 1;
memset(ptr + old_size, 0xff, size - old_size);
old_size = size;
}
free(ptr);
}
}
The glibc allocator fails to do any in-place reallocations on this
benchmark once it passes the M_MMAP_THRESHOLD (default 128k) but it
elides the cost of copies via mremap, which is currently not something
that jemalloc can use.
With this improvement, jemalloc still fails to do any in-place huge
reallocations for the first outer loop, but then succeeds 100% of the
time for the remaining 99 iterations. The time spent doing allocations
and copies drops down to under 5%, with nearly all of it spent doing
purging + faulting (when huge pages are disabled) and the array memset.
An improved mremap API (MREMAP_RETAIN - #138) would be far more general
but this is a portable optimization and would still be useful on Linux
for xallocx.
Numbers with transparent huge pages enabled:
glibc (copies elided via MREMAP_MAYMOVE): 8.471s
jemalloc: 17.816s
jemalloc + no-op madvise: 13.236s
jemalloc + this commit: 6.787s
jemalloc + this commit + no-op madvise: 6.144s
Numbers with transparent huge pages disabled:
glibc (copies elided via MREMAP_MAYMOVE): 15.403s
jemalloc: 39.456s
jemalloc + no-op madvise: 12.768s
jemalloc + this commit: 15.534s
jemalloc + this commit + no-op madvise: 6.354s
Closes#137
Fix tsd cleanup regressions that were introduced in
5460aa6f66 (Convert all tsd variables to
reside in a single tsd structure.). These regressions were twofold:
1) tsd_tryget() should never (and need never) return NULL. Rename it to
tsd_fetch() and simplify all callers.
2) tsd_*_set() must only be called when tsd is in the nominal state,
because cleanup happens during the nominal-->purgatory transition,
and re-initialization must not happen while in the purgatory state.
Add tsd_nominal() and use it as needed. Note that tsd_*{p,}_get()
can still be used as long as no re-initialization that would require
cleanup occurs. This means that e.g. the thread_allocated counter
can be updated unconditionally.
Implement/test/fix the opt.prof_thread_active_init,
prof.thread_active_init, and thread.prof.active mallctl's.
Test/fix the thread.prof.name mallctl.
Refactor opt_prof_active to be read-only and move mutable state into the
prof_active variable. Stop leaning on ctl-related locking for
protection.
Refactor permuted backtrace test allocation that was originally used
only by the prof_accum test, so that it can be used by other heap
profiling test binaries.
This adds a new `sdallocx` function to the external API, allowing the
size to be passed by the caller. It avoids some extra reads in the
thread cache fast path. In the case where stats are enabled, this
avoids the work of calculating the size from the pointer.
An assertion validates the size that's passed in, so enabling debugging
will allow users of the API to debug cases where an incorrect size is
passed in.
The performance win for a contrived microbenchmark doing an allocation
and immediately freeing it is ~10%. It may have a different impact on a
real workload.
Closes#28
Use nallocx() rather than mallctl() to trigger initialization, because
nallocx() has no side effects other than initialization, whereas
mallctl() does a bunch of internal memory allocation.
